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Water Saving in Rice Cultivation

Water Saving in Rice Cultivation. Rice cultivation. Rice is a water intensive crop. Preferably it is not grown in areas with scarce groundwater resources It remains popular because it is low risk , high yield subsistence crop

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Water Saving in Rice Cultivation

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  1. Water Saving in Rice Cultivation

  2. Rice cultivation Rice is a water intensive crop. Preferably it is not grown in areas with scarce groundwater resources It remains popular because it is low risk, high yieldsubsistence crop As an intermediate solution there are some water saving cropping systems that can be considered…

  3. Water Saving Methods • Several water saving methods for rice cultivation exists. • Two examples: • System of Rice Intensification (SRI) • Conservation Agriculture (Zero Tillage)

  4. System of Rice Intensification (SRI) A completely new method to grow irrigated rice using substantially less water

  5. SRI – Some Principles • Early transplanting (8-12 days seedlings) • Careful transplanting (with seed,soil,root) • Wide spacing (25 X 25 cm spacing) -only one plant/hill to preserve potential tillering and rooting • Weeding and aeration • Water Management (keeping the soil moist but not saturated - Intermittent wetting) • Compost (Add 1.5 ton/ha of FYM +Fertilisers)

  6. SRI – Some Principles • Fields are kept unflooded, moist and well aerated throughout the vegetative growth • A thin layer of water (1-3 cm) in the field during the reproductive phase • Wide spacing (25x 25 cm to 50x50 cm) and only one plant/ hill • Early and frequent weeding

  7. Some monitoring results from Andra Pradesh, India Water application

  8. SRI compared with other treatments

  9. Conservation Agriculture • Reduced/minimum soil disturbance,   • Reduced soil compaction, • Residue management, • Innovative cropping systems, cultivar choices etc.

  10. Reduced Soil Disturbance Rice Fallows Surface Seeding

  11. Reduced Tillage: Direct Seeded Rice Stale bed method

  12. Reduced Soil Disturbance Furrow irrigated raised beds Rice

  13. Laser Land Levelling • Increases irrigated area • Improves crop stand and yields • Additional field area added

  14. Timely Planting: Higher Profits Relation sowing date & yield for rice and wheat Planting time, Wheat Sowing date of rice in nursery Yield Loss: 35-67kg/day/ha

  15. Reduce soil compaction: Zero-Till Technology Paired Rows ZT-Wheat Controlled traffic-Paired Row Combination of controlled traffic and paired rows also possible Controlled Traffic

  16. Stubble shaved & dried Anchored and loose straws in combine harvested areas Residues Burning Crop Residues Management • Incorporation / surface retention of residues builds up soil structure • Residues when mulched provide a better habitat for beneficial insects to proliferate.

  17. Brown Manuring in Direct Seeded Rice No additional irrigation water, 50% less weeds, Supply 20Kg N, control second flush of weeds

  18. Economics of R-W system Zero-till rice is more profitable when preceding crop is also no-till planted

  19. Timely sowing Higher yields Better nutrient and water use efficiency More diverse rotations Prevent residue burning Conservation Agriculture

  20. Better crop stands Lower costs Less water pollution, less ground water mining Fewer weeds and pests More C sequestration and better soil health Conservation Agriculture

  21. Conclusion Even in areas where there are considerable differences between groundwater recharge and groundwater exploitation several mitigating measures are possible to restore the balance

  22. Resource Conserving Technologies: A Paradigm Shift for Transforming Agriculture Raj K. Gupta, Regional Facilitator, Rice-Wheat Consortium/ CIMMYT-India, New Delhi

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