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History of Film

History of Film. Mrs. Jolly Grand Valley High School. Early History of Cinema.

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History of Film

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  1. History of Film Mrs. Jolly Grand Valley High School

  2. Early History of Cinema *Optical toys, shadow shows, 'magic lanterns,' and visual tricks have existed for thousands of years. Many inventors observed the visual phenomenon that a series of individual still pictures set into motion creating the illusion of movement - a concept termed persistence of vision. *First Machine that showed animated pictures was the “zoopraxiscope” in 1867. • Moving drawings or photographs viewed through a slit

  3. The Birth of US Cinema Thomas Edison & William Dickson • Goal was to creating a device to record moving pictures. • Kinetiscope (1894) floor-standing, box-like viewing device. Basically a bulky, coin-operated, movie "peep show" cabinet for a single customer

  4. The Lumiere Brothers They created their own combo movie camera and projector A more portable, hand-held and lightweight device that could be cranked by hand and could project movie images to several spectators. Was dubbed the Cinematographe and patented in February, 1895. The multi-purpose device (combining camera, printer and projecting capabilities in the same housing) was more profitable because more than a single spectator could watch the film on a large screen. They used a film width of 35mm, and a speed of 16 frames per second - an industry norm until the talkies.

  5. First Permanent Movie Theatres • Films were increasingly being shown as part of vaudeville shows, variety shows, and at fairgrounds or carnivals. • Audiences would soon need larger theaters to watch screens with projected images from Vitascopes after the turn of the century, using stage and opera houses and music halls. • The earliest 'movie theatres' were converted churches or halls, showing one-reelers (a 10-12 minute reel of film - the projector's reel capacity at the time).

  6. In 1897, the first real cinema building was built in Paris, solely for the purpose of showing films. The same did not occur until 1902 in downtown Los Angeles where Thomas L. Talley's storefront, 200-seat Electric Theater became the first permanent US theater to exclusively exhibit movies Nickelodeons -Cost a nickel -Usually accompanied with organ music. -Initially individual viewing machine.

  7. The Silent Era • Georges Melies’ A Trip to the Moon, 1902 • Pioneered editing, special effects, and story telling • Edwin S. Potter’s The Great Train Robbery, 1903 • 1st western • Had a story, action, and editing

  8. Standard length of films was about one reel or 10-15 minutes • Feature films started in Australia • D.W. Griffith picked up on it • Made Birth of a Nation in 1915 • Most popular film of the 1910s • Extremely racist • Led to the rebirth of the KKK • 1911, 1st animated film released • Winsor McCay’s Little Nemo in Slumberland

  9. New York (Queens) led early film making • By the 1920s, Hollywood emerged as the world’s film leader • Almost 800 films a year • Great climate and room to work • Era dominated by Tom Mix, Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton, Douglas Fairbanks, and Clara Bow

  10. Talking Films • Al Jolson’s The Jazz Singer was the 1st film with sound, 1927 • Used the Vitaphone system • By 1929, almost all films were “talkies” • Many silent film stars and directors couldn’t adapt • Started the Golden Age of Hollywood • Lasted until the 1950s

  11. Golden Era of Hollywood • 1929, the 1st Academy Awards are given out • The Oscars • 1929, the 1st full-length all color films are released • Movies thrived during the Great Depression • Offered Realism or Escapism

  12. King Kong, 1933 • It Happened One Night, 1934 • Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, 1937 • Gone With the Wind, 1939 • The Wizard of Oz, 1939 • Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, 1939 • Wuthering Heights, 1939 • Stagecoach, 1939 • Citizen Kane, 1941 • Casablanca, 1942 • HUAC investigates Hollywood for communist activities • 19 are blackballed • TV emerges in the 1950s as studios are broken up for being monopolies • Ends the Golden Era

  13. The Production Code • Production Code was enforced on films from 1930 until 1967 • Strict guidelines film makers followed • The Motion Pictures Producers and Distributors Association (MPPDA) • Now called the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), • The Production Code enumerated three "General Principles": • 1. No picture shall be produced that will lower the moral standards of those who see it. Hence the sympathy of the audience should never be thrown to the side of crime, wrongdoing, evil or sin. • 2. Correct standards of life, subject only to the requirements of drama and entertainment, shall be presented. • 3. Law, natural or human, shall not be ridiculed, nor shall sympathy be created for its violation.

  14. The 1950’s in Film • Decline in popularity led to innovations to lure audiences back • More color, wide angle shots, 3D films, sex appeal, and epic films • The Ten Commandments, 1956 • Ben-Hur, 1959 • Spartacus, 1960 • Giant, 1956

  15. The 1960’s in Film • Hollywood declines more • More films made on location • Still family oriented early in the decade • Innovators led to a rekindling of film • Dr. Strangelove, 1964 • The Graduate, 1967 • 2001: A Space Odyssey, 1968 • Midnight Cowboy, 1968 • Easy Rider, 1969 • Led to a New Hollywood • MPAA rating system debuted in 1968 • Ended the reign of the film production code

  16. The 1970s and the New Hollywood • A New Group of filmmakers emerged • Francis Ford Coppola, Steven Spielberg, George Lucas, and Brian de Palma • The Godfather, 1972 • The Exorcist, 1973 • Jaws, 1975 • Star Wars, 1977 • Animal House, 1978 • Close Encounters, 1977 • Jaws and Star Wars led to blockbuster films

  17. Mid 70’s and beyond • Blockbusters continue to be made -ET, 1981 -Rocky, 1977 -Raiders of the Lost Art, 1981 • The industry has adapted to home viewing: VCR and DVD • Digital effects and CGI emerge • More sequels, remakes, and adaptations recently -Of Mice and Men, 1992 -Rambo: First Blood movies, 1980s -Ocean’s Eleven, 2001 • Independent films are gaining larger audiences -The Pianist, 2002 -Good Will Hunting, 1997 -Pulp Fiction, 1994

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