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Film History

Film History. The Beginnings. Inventors. Early film is a result of inventors, not artists. Persistence of Vision. The ability of the brain to retain an image a split second longer than the eye actually sees it .

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Film History

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  1. Film History The Beginnings

  2. Inventors Early film is a result of inventors, not artists.

  3. Persistence of Vision • The ability of the brain to retain an image a split second longer than the eye actually sees it. • If we see 16 individual images in rapid succession the brain connects them to make a fluid sequence of movement.

  4. Zoetrope • Circular drum with slits • creates illusionof movement • 1834 • * • *

  5. Experimentation • In many countries at the same time • France, Germany, England, and the U.S. all claim to have inventedthe movies

  6. Photography Precursor to film

  7. Photography Emerges • 1816 - first photographic images. • 1839 - clear, sharp images on silver copperplate. • Required 15 minutes exposure time. • 1841- Only 3 minutes needed for exposure.

  8. Beginning of Film • Originally, films were a series of photographs shown one after another. • The speed was too slow for continuous motion • EadweardMuybridge • 1872- Set up 12 cameras along a track, tied strings to the shutters which were tripped as the horse ran down the track. • Created movement with photography.

  9. Eadweard Muybridge • **

  10. George Eastman • Developed celluloid film (1884) • made motion pictures possible • it was flexible • allowed light to pass through • was durable (it didn’t break in projector)

  11. First American Motion Picture (1889) • Thomas Edison and William Dickson filmed a sneeze *

  12. Edison’s Kinetoscope • 1889 • in parlors • dancing, juggling, wonders of the world, some re-enactments Open Closed

  13. Kinetoscope for individual audiences • Edison did not see future in mass projection • But contributed: sprocket holes on film, first movie studio

  14. Lumière Brothers • 1895 • Worked on Edison’s Kinetoscope • Designed their own machine within a year • Solved projection for mass audiences

  15. Cinematographe • Machine shot the pictures, printed, and projected them. • The camera was portable. • A hand crank provided the power.

  16. December 28, 1895 • First theater opens to the paying public • Basement of a Paris café. • Lumières’ shows: • Workers leaving the LumièreFactory. • Arrival at Lyon. • A Baby’s Meal.

  17. Georges Melies • One of the first to see Lumières in Paris • Saw opportunity • Set up Europe’s first film studio in 1897 - with artificially-arranged scenes

  18. Le Voyage Dans la Lune • 1902 - Voyage/Trip to the Moon • Pioneer of illusion and fantasy: • trick photography • dissolves • wipes • stop-motion, slow-motion • and fadeouts

  19. PixarZoetrope

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