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Amphetamines

Amphetamines. Matthew Giannetti. Amphetamine Names. Street Name: Co-pilots Speed Crank Dex Brand Name: Adderall Vyvanse Dexadrine Benzedrine in the past Chemical Name: alpha- methylphenethylamine. Drug Action. Amphetamines modulate the neurotransmitters in the brain: dopamine

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Amphetamines

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  1. Amphetamines Matthew Giannetti

  2. Amphetamine Names • Street Name: • Co-pilots • Speed • Crank • Dex • Brand Name: • Adderall • Vyvanse • Dexadrine • Benzedrine in the past • Chemical Name: • alpha-methylphenethylamine

  3. Drug Action • Amphetamines modulate the neurotransmitters in the brain: • dopamine • serotonin • norepinephrine • Action happens in the nucleus accumbens, striatum, and prefrontal cortex. • areas of the brain implicated in reward • However, the action only takes place in specific places. • Ex. Dompamine receptors in the hippocampus

  4. Drug Action Low Dose High Dose

  5. History & Medical Use • January 18, 1887 • Amphetamine is first synthesized at Universitat Berlin by Romanian chemist Lazar Edeleanu. • 1930’s • Amphetamine approved by AMA for sale in tablet form to treat narcolepsy and ADHD. • 40’s & 50’s • Amphetamine is distributed to troops in WWII and The Korean War

  6. History & Medical Use cont. • October 27, 1970 • Injectable methamphetamine is named a Schedule II drug. • Other amphetamines & non-injectable methamphetamine are named Schedule III drugs. • July 7, 1971 • Amphetamines and non-injectable methamphetamine are moved from Scdule III to Schedule II drugs. • 1996 • U.S. Congress passes act establishing new controls over key ingredients and strengthening criminal penalties for possession, distribution, and manufacturing

  7. Amphetamine Derivatives

  8. Physiological Effects of Amphetamines • Clench/Grind teeth • Rapid breathing • Vasoconstriction • Hyper and hypotension • Hyperactivity and insomnia • Diarrhea and/or constipation • Tachycardia and Bradycardia • Siezure, stroke, coma, heart attack, and death

  9. Psychological Effects of Amphetamines • Euphoria • Sociability • Self-esteem • Anxiety and paranoia • Irritability and agression • Alterness and concentration • Repetitive and obsessive behaviors

  10. Possible Side Effects • Depression • Anxiety • Increased appetite • Agitation • Vivid or lucid dreams • Suicidal ideation

  11. Bibliography • "Erowid Amphetamine (Adderall) Vault." Erowid. 13 Jan. 2012. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. <http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/amphetamines/>. • "Methamphetamine." Home. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. <http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/methamphetamine>. • "Autonomic Pharmacology." Medical Pharmacology: Table_of_Contents. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. <http://www.cybermedicine2000.com/pharmacology2000/Autonomics/Adrenergics1/Adrenergic-32.htm>. • "Amphetamines | CESAR." CESAR (Center for Substance Abuse Research). Web. 29 Feb. 2012. <http://www.cesar.umd.edu/cesar/drugs/amphetamines.asp>. • "Important Facts About Amphetamine Abuse." Important Facts About Amphetamines: Main Line Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. <http://www.mainlinehealth.org/stw/Page.asp?PageID=STW000195>.

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