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Amphetamines

Amphetamines. Fabio Pawlus. Amphetamines. PsychoStimulant Schedule II Class Chemical derivative of ephedrine molecules. Amphetamines. Affect the central nervous system Decreases appetite Stimulates areas of the brain associated with vigilance, mood, and heart action

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Amphetamines

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  1. Amphetamines Fabio Pawlus

  2. Amphetamines • PsychoStimulant • Schedule II Class • Chemical derivative of ephedrine molecules

  3. Amphetamines • Affect the central nervous system • Decreases appetite • Stimulates areas of the brain associated with vigilance, mood, and heart action • Mimics the effect of adrenaline • Increases the presence of: • Dopamine, Serotonin, & NorEpinephrine

  4. Amphetamines • Generally, Orally or Injected • Crystallized Methamphetamine Hydrochloride or “Ice” • Smoking (most dangerous) • Rate of habituation and an opportunity for a large dose can cause a lethal outcome • Similar effects of Cocaine (both psychostimulants) • But, onset is slower, yet duration is longer

  5. Methamphetamine Effects • Chronic Abuse: psychosis effects of schizophrenia • Also: Paranoia, Picking at the skin, Preoccupation with one's own thoughts, and Auditory and Visual hallucinations • Symptoms may persist months, possibly years • Violent, and erratic behaviors are common as well

  6. Amphetamine Side Effects • Cardiovascular side effects include tachycardia, palpitations, and elevated blood pressure • Nervous system side effects have included depression, seizures, stroke, overstimulation, restlessness, dizziness, insomnia, euphoria, dysphoria, tremors, and headache • Gastrointestinal side effects have included dry mouth, unpleasant taste, diarrhea, constipation, anorexia, and weight loss

  7. Physiological Effects • The primary effects of amphetamines are: • Wakefulness • Increased focus and alertness • Decreased appetite • Amphetamine causes fatigued people to feel energized and depressed people to feel happy and joyful in spirit

  8. Psychological Effects • Causes one to feel: • An enlargement of physical, mental, and sexual powers • Absence of the urge to eat or sleep • Will feel a “rush” or euphoric effects • Very addictive • Psychic dependence formed after 1st or 2nd intake

  9. Street Names • Bennies  Black Beauties • Bumble Bees  Co-Pilots • Crank  Cross Tops • Crystal Meth  Dexies • Footballs  Hearts • Hot Ice  Ice • L.A. glass  Meth • MDMA  Pep Pills • Speed  Uppers

  10. Brand Names • Adderall • Ritalin • Dexedrine • Dextrostat • Desoxyn • ProCentra • Vyvanse • Benzedrine

  11. Chemical Name • Alpha-Methylphenethylamine

  12. History • First marketed in the 1930s as Benzedrine (over-the-counter inhaler to treat nasal congestion) • 1937 - Prescription in tablet form: • Treated Narcolepsy, and ADHD • Used in WWII – Keep the soldiers awake and alert to fight

  13. History • 1960’s – Abuse increased • Truckers abused to complete long routes • Athletes abused to train longer, and perform better • Also abused, for weight control • Intravenous abuse – primarily methamphetamine – “Speed Freaks” • Dangers of abuse > Therapeutic use

  14. Treatment • Now prescribed to treat: • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) • Symptoms of traumatic brain injury • Drowsy symptoms of narcolepsy • Chronic fatigue syndrome • Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)

  15. Bibliography • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/methamphetamine.html • http://www.drugs.com/amphetamine.html • http://www.egetgoing.com/drug_addiction/street_drugs.asp • http://science.jrank.org/pages/305/Amphetamines-Physical-psychological-effects.html • http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/221211.php

  16. Meth Video • http://youtu.be/at3Sg6qvgTE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=at3Sg6qvgTE

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