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Starter. What are the charges of the ions in these compounds? NaCl MgF 2 CaS Al 2 O 3 HCl HNO 3 H 2 SO 4 H 3 PO 4. Starter Answers. What are the charges of the ions in these compounds? NaCl Na + Cl - MgF 2 Mg 2+ F - CaS Ca 2+ S 2- Al 2 O 3 Al 3+ O 2- HCl H + Cl -

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  1. Starter • What are the charges of the ions in these compounds? • NaCl • MgF2 • CaS • Al2O3 • HCl • HNO3 • H2SO4 • H3PO4

  2. Starter Answers • What are the charges of the ions in these compounds? • NaCl Na+Cl- • MgF2 Mg2+ F- • CaS Ca2+ S2- • Al2O3 Al3+ O2- • HCl H+Cl- • HNO3 H+ NO3- • H2SO4 H+ SO42- • H3PO4 H+ PO43- • What is different about the second 4 compared to the first 4? (other than the fact they are acids)

  3. Starter Answers • What are the charges of the ions in these compounds? • NaCl Na+Cl- • MgF2 Mg2+ F- • CaS Ca2+ S2- • Al2O3 Al3+ O2- • HCl H+Cl- • HNO3 H+ NO3- • H2SO4 H+ SO42- • H3PO4 H+ PO43- • They only exist as separate ions in solution... We can start to think of atoms in covalently bonded molecules as having their own charges too... • ...They don’t have charges though... • ... They have oxidation states

  4. Introduction to Oxidation States

  5. Objectives Be able to... • Define the terms oxidation state and oxidation number • Recall the rules for assigning oxidation numbers • Calculate the oxidation states of specified atoms in formulae or both molecules and ions.

  6. Specification...Where this comes from...

  7. What do the roman numerals mean??? • Iron (II) oxide • Iron (III) oxide • Copper (I) chloride • Copper (II) chloride • Vanadium (III) oxide • Vanadium (IV) carbonate • Vanadium (V) oxide • Potassium dichromate (IV) • Potassium permangenate (VII)

  8. What do the roman numerals mean??? • Iron (II) oxide FeO • Iron (III) oxide Fe2O3 • Copper (I) chloride CuCl • Copper (II) chloride CuCl2 • Vanadium (III) oxide V2O3 • Vanadium (IV) carbonate V(CO3)2 • Vanadium (V) oxide V2O5 • Potassium dichromate (IV) K2Cr2O7 • Potassium permangenate (VII) KMnO4

  9. Oxidation Numbers – The Rules!

  10. Or put more simply...

  11. Now you try some! • Find the oxidation numbers of in • HIO4 • HIO3 • HIO • HI

  12. Answers • Find the oxidation numbers of in • HIO4 H = +1 O = -2 (x4)I = +7 • HIO3 H = +1 O = -2 (x3)I = +5 • HIO H = +1 O = -2 (x1)I = +1 • HI H = +1 I = -1

  13. Let’s work out what the roman numerals mean • Iron (II) oxide FeO • Iron (III) oxide Fe2O3 • Copper (I) chloride CuCl • Copper (II) chloride CuCl2 • Vanadium (III) oxide V2O3 • Vanadium (IV) carbonate V(CO3)2 • Vanadium (V) oxide V2O5 • Potassium dichromate (IV) K2Cr2O7 • Potassium permangenate (VII) KMnO4

  14. More Practice...

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