assonance

1. assonance when words with the same vowel sound are used in close proximity - but where the consonants in these words are different.“Ever unreeling them—ever tirelessly speeding them.”

2. alliteration when words with the same initial letter are used in close proximity“And you, O my Soul, where you stand,   Surrounded, surrounded, in measureless oceans of space”

3. syntactic parallelism where the same sentence pattern is repeated. Often seen in religious texts.“Approaching Manhattan, up by the long-stretching island;   Under Niagara, the cataract falling like a veil over my countenance;   Upon a door-step—upon the horse-block of hard wood outside;   Upon the race-course, or enjoying picnics or jigs, or a good game of base-ball”

4. apostrophe: direct address to person or thing (often absent)“What is a man anyhow? What am I?  What are you?”Walt Whitman, "Song of Myself" (391)

5. catalogue: verse which lists people, places, things or ideas 

6. free verse: verse without formal meter or rhyme patterns. Free verse, instead, relies upon the natural rhythms of everyday speech. 

7. repetition of key words/phrases • Look at “O Captain! My Captain!” for examples

8. anaphora: the repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of lines

9. internal rhyme: • where a word in the middle of a line of poetry rhymes with the word at the end of the line, or where two words in mid sentence rhyme

10. “O Captain! My Captain!” by Walt Whitman • O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done; • The ship has weather'd every rack, the prize we sought is won; • The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, • While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring: • But O heart! heart! heart! • O the bleeding drops of red, • Where on the deck my Captain lies, • Fallen cold and dead. • O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells; • Rise up--for you the flag is flung--for you the bugle trills; • For you bouquets and ribbon'd wreaths--for you the shores a-crowding; • For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning; • Here Captain! dear father! • This arm beneath your head; • It is some dream that on the deck, • You've fallen cold and dead. • My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still; • My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will; • The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done; • From fearful trip, the victor ship, comes in with object won; • Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells! • But I, with mournful tread, • Walk the deck my Captain lies, • Fallen cold and dead.

11. “O Captain! My Captain!” by Walt Whitman • O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done; • The ship has weather'd every rack, the prize we sought is won; • The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, • While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring: • But O heart! heart! heart! • O the bleeding drops of red, • Where on the deck my Captain lies, • Fallen cold and dead. • O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells; • Rise up—for you the flag is flung—for you the bugle trills; • For you bouquets and ribbon'd wreaths—for you the shores a-crowding; • For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning; • Here Captain! dear father! • This arm beneath your head; • It is some dream that on the deck, • You've fallen cold and dead. • My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still; • My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will; • The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done; • From fearful trip, the victor ship, comes in with object won; • Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells! • But I, with mournful tread, • Walk the deck my Captain lies, • Fallen cold and dead. apostrophe

12. “O Captain! My Captain!” by Walt Whitman • O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done; • The ship has weather'd every rack, the prize we sought is won; • The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, • While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring: • But O heart! heart! heart! • O the bleeding drops of red, • Where on the deck my Captain lies, • Fallen cold and dead. • O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells; • Rise up—for you the flag is flung—for you the bugle trills; • For you bouquets and ribbon'd wreaths—for you the shores a-crowding; • For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning; • Here Captain! dear father! • This arm beneath your head; • It is some dream that on the deck, • You've fallen cold and dead. • My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still; • My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will; • The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done; • From fearful trip, the victor ship, comes in with object won; • Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells! • But I, with mournful tread, • Walk the deck my Captain lies, • Fallen cold and dead. apostrophe anaphora

13. “O Captain! My Captain!” by Walt Whitman • O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done; • The ship has weather'd every rack, the prize we sought is won; • The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, • While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring: • But O heart! heart! heart! • O the bleeding drops of red, • Where on the deck my Captain lies, • Fallen cold and dead. • O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells; • Rise up—for you the flag is flung—for you the bugle trills; • For you bouquets and ribbon'd wreaths—for you the shores a-crowding; • For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning; • Here Captain! dear father! • This arm beneath your head; • It is some dream that on the deck, • You've fallen cold and dead. • My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still; • My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will; • The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done; • From fearful trip, the victor ship, comes in with object won; • Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells! • But I, with mournful tread, • Walk the deck my Captain lies, • Fallen cold and dead. apostrophe anaphora internal rhyme

14. “O Captain! My Captain!” by Walt Whitman • O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done; • The ship has weather'd every rack, the prize we sought is won; • The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, • While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring: • But O heart! heart! heart! • O the bleeding drops of red, • Where on the deck my Captain lies, • Fallen cold and dead. • O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells; • Rise up—for you the flag is flung—for you the bugle trills; • For you bouquets and ribbon'd wreaths—for you the shores a-crowding; • For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning; • Here Captain! dear father! • This arm beneath your head; • It is some dream that on the deck, • You've fallen cold and dead. • My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still; • My father does not feel my arm, hehas no pulse nor will; • The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done; • From fearful trip, the victor ship, comes in with object won; • Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells! • But I, with mournful tread, • Walk the deck my Captain lies, • Fallen cold and dead. apostrophe anaphora internal rhyme alliteration

15. “O Captain! My Captain!” by Walt Whitman • O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done; • The ship has weather'd every rack, the prize we sought is won; • The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, • While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring: • But O heart! heart! heart! • O the bleeding drops of red, • Where on the deck my Captain lies, • Fallen cold and dead. • O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells; • Rise up—for you the flag is flung—for you the bugle trills; • For you bouquets and ribbon'd wreaths—for you the shores a-crowding; • For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning; • Here Captain! dear father! • This arm beneath your head; • It is some dream that on the deck, • You've fallen cold and dead. • My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still; • My father does not feel my arm, hehas no pulse nor will; • The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done; • From fearful trip, the victor ship, comes in with object won; • Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells! • But I, with mournful tread, • Walk the deck my Captain lies, • Fallen cold and dead. apostrophe anaphora internal rhyme alliteration repetition