NUTRITION

1. NUTRITION DT. DT. PRIYA PRIYA MITTAL MITTAL

2. What Is Nutrition? What Is Nutrition? Nutrition is the act or process of consuming food, or the nutrient substances (nutrient) present in food. It also refers to the study of the relationship between diet and health. Keep in mind that nutrition is the intake of essential nutrients required for growth, maintenance, and bodily functions and processes.

3. Types of Types of Nutrition Nutrition  Proteins  Fats/lipids  Carbohydrates  Minerals  Water  Vitamins

4. Proteins Proteins Proteins are organic compounds made up of chains of amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein. These amino acids are the essence of protein. Proteins provide our bodies with energy, vitality, and maintain all of the body’s functions. They are necessary for all bodily functions to occur. If a person does not consume enough proteins or does not consume the correct types of protein, the body will begin to break down muscle for usage. All of our body proteins are made of combinations of these 20 amino acids. Proteins are used to make hormones, enzymes, antibodies and the haemoglobin in our blood. They make up hair, skin, muscles, bones and the other body parts. The proteins we build with the amino acids in food are called dietary proteins.

5. Fats/Lipids Fats/Lipids Fats, or lipids, are a common type of molecule found in biology. They are a type of biomolecule which belongs to the lipid group, and is generally a solid at room temperature, unlike a liquid like water. Fats are an important part of the diet, and are often a key element to the proper function of the body's cells. The purpose of fats in the body is to act as energy reserves, among other things. Fat also helps your body use Vitamins A, D, E, and K.

6. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Carbohydrates play a crucial role in supplying energy to the body. Energy is needed for all body functions and activities. The carbohydrate is converted into glucose which provides energy to all the cells of the body. The other important function performed by carbohydrate is that it helps in maintaining the fluid balance in the body. The fluid balance of a body is maintained between the blood plasma and interstitial fluid. The plasma is the watery fluid that surrounds the cells of the body while interstitial fluid is the fluid found between the cells. The interstitial fluid has more concentration of electrolytes and glucose and it is this fluid that is responsible for the osmotic pressure of the cells and hence maintains the cell turgor.

7. Minerals Minerals Minerals are natural elements and are present in our bodies in trace amounts. Minerals are required for body building and repair of cells. They cannot be produced by our body, food sources is the only source of minerals. Minerals help in the regulation of body functions and are important for tissue and bone. Some examples are calcium and phosphate. Lack of minerals leads to deficiency disease. Minerals can be obtained from vegetables, fruits, eggs, meat and milk. Spinach are rich in iron and calcium.

8. Water Water Water is one of the most important molecules on the surface of the earth. It is an essential component of all known living organisms. The human body is about 60% water. Blood is about 85% water and muscle is about 75 % water. The human brain is about 75% water. Bone is about 22% water. Water is vital to the body in many ways. It transports nutrients, oxygen and removes waste products. It helps maintain body temperature, and gives flexibility and support to the cells, tissues and organs. With the risk of dehydration in modern day life, there are many reasons to include water in your diet and drink regularly.

9. Vitamins Vitamins Vitamins are organic or inorganic substances which are required for the growth and maintenance of your body. If a vitamin is not digested by the body, then it is a mineral. Some vitamins are stored in the body, some of them are excreted in the urine and sweat. Vitamins are essential for the normal functioning of your body. Food is not the only source of vitamins. In fact, you can get the vitamins from the food you eat and from the drinks you drink. Good sources of vitamins are found in vegetables, fruits, and meats. Drink lots of water and eat foods which are rich in vitamins, as they are extremely important to your health. The vitamins can be classified as either fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) or water-soluble vitamins (the B vitamin complex and vitamin C). The B vitamins are involved in energy metabolism, and many of them indirectly assist in the production of brain chemicals (neurotransmitters). They are also involved in the production of some amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. The role of vitamin C is to act as an antioxidant.

10. Importance of Nutrition in life Importance of Nutrition in life Nutrition is an important part of overall health, people with good nutrition tend to be healthier than those with poor nutrition. Proper nutrition has been shown to prevent and help treat a number of diseases, including heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. People who eat a well- planned, balanced diet and manage their weight tend to have a lower risk of developing heart disease and certain cancers and live longer. A balanced diet includes fruits, vegetables, grains, and protein foods.

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