The Skeletal System

1. The Skeletal System

2. Big Idea The human body is made up of systems that work together to perform necessary functions. Brainpop: Human BodyBody Systems

3. Review • The cell is the basic unit of all living things. • The body has 5 levels of organization: • Cell: basic unit of life (made of organelles) • Tissue: groups of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function • Organ: structure that is made up of 2 or more types of tissues. • Organ systems: group of organs that work together to perform a particular function. • The organism: any individual, living thing.

4. Taking Notes • Title your paper – Human Body • Anytime you see words highlighted in yellow – these are notes you should write down on your notebook paper.

5. Did you know? • The human hand has 19 bones but your face only has 14. • Although bones seem really hard, they are ¾ water which makes them spongy. • The longest bone in your body is your thigh bone (the femur). It's about 1/4 of your height. • The smallest bone is the stirrup bone in the ear which can measure 1/10 of an inch. • Did you know that humans and giraffes have the same number of bones in their necks? Giraffe neck vertebrae are just much, much longer! • You have over 230 moveable and semi-moveable joints in your body.

6. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM Major Organs: Bones, cartilage, tendons and ligaments.

7. Skeletal System • Protects & supports the body • Produces blood cells • Attachment for muscles. • Bones are alive – growing and changing. • Calcium is the major component of bone tissue. • You are born with @ 350 bones in your body. • The average person has 206 bones in their body. • The number is not exact because some people have an extra pair of ribs or more bones in their hands and feet.

8. Why didn’t the skeleton cross the road?

9. Because it didn’t have the guts!

10. Brainpop: Skeleton BoneScoliosis

11. Medical Names for Bones • Ankle: tarsal • Hipbone: pelvis • Skull: cranium • Wrist: carpal • Collarbone: clavicle • Kneecap: patella • Shoulder blade: scapula • Backbone: vertebrae

12. Four Different Types of Bones • Long bones: arm, leg, hand, feet • Short bones: wrist, ankle, • Flat bones: skull, ribs, chest • Irregular shaped bones: spine, face

13. Parts of a Bone Brainpop: Bone Structure Broken Bones Periosteum: soft, thin membrane that covers and protects the bone. Compact Bone: Hardest part of the bone; hard outer surface. Can heal itself when broken Spongy Bone: Porous, (lots of holes) contains blood vessels, nerves Bone Marrow: center of bone; makes red blood cells

14. Joints

15. Kinds of Joints • A jointis the part of the skeletal system where 2 or more bones meet. • Joints make it possible for the body to have a wide range of motion like twisting and bending. • Joints are padded with a rubbery tissue called cartilage. • Nobody knows why joints crack. It may be from tiny air bubbles that form in the joint, or from a tight tendon and ligament snapping over a bone when moving. • Cracking your joints on purpose can damage the joint surface.

16. At your tables, group the following joints on which you think move the same way. Ankle Elbow Finger Knee Knuckle Neck Which joints move the same? • Shoulder • Spine • Toe • Waist • Wrist

17. Types of Joints • Immovable • Skull • Pelvis • Moveable • Pivot • Ball & socket • Hinge • Gliding

18. Hinge Joint: allows the knee, knuckle, ankle, finger, & toe to bend. Gliding or Sliding Joint: allows the wrist and spine to twist and bend. Ball & Socket Joint: allows the hip & shoulder to swivel. Pivot Joint: allows the elbow and neck to twist. Brainpop: Joint RMA

19. Ligaments & Tendons • A ligament is a strong, flexible band. • A ligamentlinks or connects bones together. • A tendon is a cord made of tough, white tissue that attaches muscles to bones. • A tendon connects muscles to bones.

20. Cut out and assemble your skeleton. • Use this picture as a guide 