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LANGUAGE. Oral language is meant to be spoken and heard, rather than written and read. Oral Language follows rules . Grammatical Syntax Clarity Meaning. LANGUAGE IS SYMBOLIC. Word symbols have no meaning of their own; instead, the meaning of the word symbol resides within individuals.
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LANGUAGE Oral language is meant to be spoken and heard, rather than written and read.
Oral Language follows rules • Grammatical • Syntax • Clarity • Meaning
LANGUAGE IS SYMBOLIC • Word symbols have no meaning of their own; instead, the meaning of the word symbol resides within individuals.
Words aren’t really “bad” or racist until the person that speaks them intends the meaning to be “bad”. • Words Don’t Mean...People Mean. Honky! Coon!
Consider the connotation of the following word pairs: Skinny/Slender Nerd/ Intellectual Clean/ Cleanse Jock/ Athlete Learning impaired/ Stupid Connotation the meaning we assign to words through experience and emotionDenotation the dictionary meaning of a word
CHARACTERISTICS OF POWER LANGUAGE • CLARITY • COURTESY AND TACT • OWNERSHIP OF THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS • INCLUSION OF OTHERS • VIVIDNESS AND IMAGERY • APPROPRIATE USAGE (Communication Applications Text, p. 117)
LEVELS OF USAGE • FORMAL LANGUAGE: language that conforms to a highly structured set of rules. (Communication Applications Text, p. 118)
LEVELS OF USAGE • Technical Language (jargon): a language associated with a particular profession or activity. (Communication Applications Text, p. 119)
LEVELS OF USAGE • Standard Language: the language used by the majority of communicators within a specific language. (Communication Applications Text, p. 120)
LEVELS OF USAGE • Informal (slang, dialect/colloquialism): the language used most often in casual situations and close interpersonal relationships. (Communication Applications Text, p. 120-121)
LANGUAGE TO AVOID 1. TROUBLESOME LANGUAGE • SEXIST • RACIST • PROFANE OR OBSCENE • JUDGEMENTAL • ACCUSATORY • ASSUMPTIVE • ABSOLUTE (Communication Applications Text, p. 125)
LANGUAGE TO AVOID 2. Powerless Language • Fillers • Tag lines • Vague wording (Communication Applications Text, p. 126-127)
Overview of Verbal Strategies • Speak to be understood • Speak to show strength • Speak to include, not exclude • Speak to stimulate others’ interest in you
Source • Myers, Virginia Hunter; Smith, June Hubbell and Swanson, Marcia Myers. Communication Applications. New York: Glencoe-McGraw Hill, 2001.