TIRE APPLICATIONS & USE

TIRE APPLICATIONS & USE • Mark Panning • Manager, Passenger Tire Development • Cooper Tire & Rubber Company

TOPICS Intent = Informative • TIRE SELECTION & FITMENT • TIRE MAINTENANCE • TIRE REGULATIONS

TIRE SELECTION UNDERSTANDING THE CORRECT FITMENT

TIRE SELECTION • CONSIDERATIONS: • Size • Load Rating • Speed Rating • Inflation REFerence: Vehicle Placard

TIRE SELECTION • FITMENT CONSIDERATIONS: • Recommend replacing 4 tires • Alternatively, new tires should be fitted to rear axle

TIRE MAINTENANCE TIPS & PROCEDURES

TIRE MAINTENANCE • INFLATION MAINTENANCE • TIRE REPAIRS • TIRE ROTATION • VEHICLE ALIGNMENT

INFLATION MAINTENANCE #1 - PROPER INFLATION: FOLLOW PLACARD OR CONSULT MFR

INFLATION MAINTENANCE

INFLATION MAINTENANCE • RECOMMEND MONTHLY CHECKS - • TPMS DOES NOT ALERT UNTIL -25% • VALVE CAP USAGE IMPORTANT

TIRE MAINTENANCE • BENEFITS OF INFLATION MAINTENANCE: • Tread Wear • Tire Longevity • Fuel Efficiency • Optimal Ride & Handling • Shorter Braking Distances • Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emissions For more information refer to WWW.SAFECAR.GOV EXPERTS SAY 25% OF TIRES ARE UNDERINFLATED

TIRE REPAIRS • #1 - INSPECTION & ASSESSMENT: • Remove the tire from the rim • Determine if the puncture is repairable • Location of the injury • Size of the injury • Inspect the inside of tire • 'Run low on air' • Extent of the damage Info Only - Consult www.rma.org

TIRE REPAIRS • #2 – GENERAL PROCEDURES: • Clean the innerliner around the hole • Buff the innerliner around the hole • Drill out the hole to clean it up • Cement the area • Apply 'Combi' unit or 'Plug & Patch' • Check valve before re-installing ! Info Only - Consult www.rma.org

TIRE REPAIRS For More Information see: Rema Tip Top, Patch Rubber, Tech Intl

TIRE ROTATION • #1 – DO IT (REGULARLY) ! • #2 – CROSS ROTATION IF POSSIBLE • #3 – COMBINE WITH INSPECTION • Inside / Outside Tire Wear • Tire Damage or Injury • Good Time to Check Inflation • Suspension Damage, Need for Align…

TIRE ROTATION PATTERNS: For more info see www.tirerack.com All allow for reverse direction of rotation except for 'D' Leading edge becomes the trailing edge of element

TIRE ROTATION • BENEFITS: • Extend Tire Life by Lessening Irregular Wear • Tires tell a story about condition of vehicle • Helps you to identify maintenance issues before they become big problems

VEHICLE ALIGNMENT PROPER ALIGNMENT OF WHEEL ENDS – Allows vehicle to track straight on road Is beneficial to vehicle handling Generally results in more even tire wear More info available at www.Hunter.com

VEHICLE ALIGNMENT TYPICAL 'ALIGNMENT' PARAMETERS Camber Caster Toe Angle Thrust Angle www.tirerack.com

TIRE REGULATIONS U.S. MARKET REQUIREMENTS

U.S. TIRE REGULATIONS www.nhtsa.gov 49 CFR Part 571 Std 139 - Pneumatic Tires for Light Vehicles 49 CFR Part 571 Std 110 - Tire Selection & Rims 49 CFR Part 575 Std 104 - UTQG 49 CFR Part 571 Std 119 - Pneumatic Tires for Vehicles Other Than Passenger Cars Part of a series of Motor Vehicle Safety Regulations issued beginning in 1967 focusing on Crash Avoidance and Crash Worthiness. The original safety standard for light duty tires (Std 109) was replaced by Std 139 in 2007 as a result of the Tread Act.

STD 139 - TIRES Applies to vehicles with GVWR < 10,000 lbs Requirements: Size recognized by a tire standards organization Specific sidewall markings High speed test requirement Endurance test requirement Low pressure endurance test Road hazard (plunger) test Bead unseating test Based on concept of 'Self Certification' Symbol "DOT" Signifies Compliance to Std All Tests are 'Indoor' Tests

STD 110 - TIRE SELECTION Aimed more at vehicle manufacturers than tire manufacturers. Intent is to prevent over-loading. Defines vehicle weight limits. Provides for 'placard' to communicate the vehicle's load limits, O.E. tire size & inflation, and O.E. rim size.

STD 104 - UTQG • Provide Consumer Purchasing Information: • Treadwear • Traction (on wet roads) • 'Temperature Resistance' • Grades for Parts A. & B. based on outdoor testing at facilities in Texas against a CMT tire. • Grade for Part C. based on the indoor high speed test from MVSS-139.

UTQG - TREADWEAR Treadwear grade based tire wear rate after 7,200 road miles as compared to the CMT tire wear rate. No directcorrelation to how many miles you will get. Manufacturer cannot rate tires higher than measured grade. "560"-A-B

UTQG - TRACTION Traction grade based locked wheel 'skid number' on wet asphalt & wet concrete as compared to the CMT tire skid numbers. Does not directly correlate with performance on vehicles with ABS. Manufacturer cannot rate tires higher than measured grade. 560-"A"-B

UTQG - TEMPERATURE Temperature (resistance) grade based indoor test wheel test at increasing speeds. Does not directly correlate with long term tire performance. Minimum time requirement for each grade, with "C" being the overall minimum. 560-A-"B"

U.S. TIRE REGULATIONS POTENTIAL CHANGES: Discussion on-going concerning FuelEfficiency grading in the U.S. Plans are more well defined in Europe Phase-in of letter grades beginning Nov, 2012 Unique grade system – A, B, C, E, F G (no D) U.S. status unresolved "Final" issued by NHTSA in March, 2010 Test procedure not defined

Thank You For Your Attention ! Your Questions?

TIRE APPLICATIONS & USE