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RECONSTRUCTION

Explore Reconstruction era, 1865-1877. Learn about Union's readmission of Confederate States, presidential vs. congressional Reconstruction, key amendments, Freedmen’s Bureau, and Southern reactions. Dive deep into Civil Rights Acts and Military Reconstruction Act.

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RECONSTRUCTION

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  1. RECONSTRUCTION FLIPBOOK

  2. INFORMATION • This power point has all the information you need to complete the notes for this flipbook. • There are processing questions throughout the flipbook that you will need to complete on your own.

  3. Pg U12-2 • Reconstruction • (In the box) 1865 – 1877 • Definition: • Process that the Union used to readmit the Confederate States • How to: • Readmit the South into the Union (Political) • extend citizenship to formerly enslaved (Political) • Rebuild southern economy (Economic) • provide for the basic needs of formerly enslaved people (Social) • Why was it necessary? Do not write • South was an economic disaster • Farms and plantations destroyed • 40% of Southern livestock killed • 50% farm machinery destroyed • Factories and railroads demolished • **Gone was the labor source of the South

  4. Reconstruction (still U12-2) In the boxes • Leads to: • Power struggle developed between the president and Congress over which branch should control reconstruction • Presidential Reconstruction: • Led by President Johnson • Required ratification of 13th amendment to rejoin • Congressional Reconstruction: • Reconstruction was failing • Led by Congress • Required ratification of the14th amendment to rejoin • Also known as Radical Reconstruction • Tried to impeach Johnson for opposing their Reconstruction policies

  5. Amendments pg U12-3 & 4 13th 14th 15th • When: 1865 • What: Abolished Slavery • Freed all slaves without compensation to slave owners (No $) • Lincoln began process with Emancipation Proclamation • President Johnson required Confederate states to ratify in order to rejoin the Union 1-3 “Set the slaves free” 1-4 “open the door to equality” 1-5 “Voting is alive” • When: 1868 • What: Granted citizenship & equal protection and due process to all personsBORNin the United States. (Except Natives) • Required Southern states to ratify it to rejoin • South refused to ratify • This enrages Congress • Leads to: Congress passing Reconstruction Act of 1867 • When: 1870 • What: Protected the voting rights of African American Males • Did not apply to WOMEN or Native Americans • South passed poll taxes and literacy tests to prevent African Americans from voting

  6. Freedmen’s Bureau pg U12-5 & 6 • What: A federal agency set up to help former slaves after the Civil War. • Established by the U.S. war department in 1865 • What services did it provide? • Supervised educational activities & Established over 1000 schools • Issued clothing, food, medicine • Help with resettlement and legal aid • Controlled confiscated land/property in former Confederate States, border states, DC, and Indian Territory

  7. Freedmen’s Bureau PG U12- 5 &6 • Problems • Difficult to transition African Americans from slaves to citizens • Underfunded (not enough $$ to run programs) • Most freedmen not given what they were promised • Some white southerners/racists killed teachers and burned schools • Why was it important to have an agency such as this one?

  8. Freedmen’s Bureau pg U12-5 & 6 • Southern reactions 1. Freedmen still had to follow state laws (even though they were protected by Federal Laws) 2. Black Codes – laws passed in the South to limit freedoms (13th,14th, and 15th amend) for African Americans (no job = forced back to plantation) 3. Jim Crow Laws- southern laws that segregated blacks and whites 4. Ku Klux Klan-A secret society that wanted to destroy the Republican party in the South • Restore Democratic power and keep slaves powerless • Didn’t agree with opportunities given to freedmen • Intimidated African Americans and those who helped them • Military often ignored

  9. Freedmen’s Bureau pg U12-5 & 6 • Southern reactions 5. Sharecropping– landowners give farm workers land, seed & tools in return for a part of the crop • Developed to replace slave labor (kept African Americans in a cycle of debt) 6. Tenant Farming – formerly enslaved paid rent to plantation owners to be able to farm a plot of land

  10. ACTS/LEGISLATION pg U12-7 & 8 • Civil Rights Act of 1866 (14th amendment) • Definition • declared all persons born in US= citizens (not as strong as the14th amendment/easier to change) • Excluded Native Americans • Pres. Johnson vetoed- Congress overruled

  11. ACTS/LEGISLATION pg U12-7 & 8 • Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 • Passed because most southern states refused to ratify the 14th amendment • Divided South into: 5 military districts • Each district run by an Army Commander (South was furious and resentful) • Members of the ruling class ( White Democrats) lost their right to vote *Freedmen should NOT be kept from voting • 2 things Southern states have to do to re-enter the Union 1. Approve new state constitutions and give African American males the right to vote 2. Ratify the 14th amendment

  12. ACTS/LEGISLATION pg U12-7 & 8 • Presidential Election of 1876: Hayes (R) Tilden (D) • No clear winner • Compromise of 1877 is necessary • Decided election of 1876

  13. ACTS/LEGISLATION pg U12-7 & 8 • Compromise of 1877 • The agreement that resolved an 1876 election dispute REPUBLICANS GET: Hayes = President Democrats promised to respect African Americans’ civil and political rights • DEMOCRATS GET: • Removal of Federal troops • Hayes would appoint a Democrat to his cabinet • Help South industrialize • Southern transcontinental railroad linking to the West • Reconstruction ENDS

  14. pg U12-7 & 8 ACTS/LEGISLATION • Homestead Act 1862 • Accelerated settlement of the western territory

  15. ACTS/LEGISLATION pg U12-7 & 8 • Morrill Act 1862 • New western states = establish colleges for their citizens • Land grants = agriculture and mechanical arts Texas A& M • Colleges specifically dedicated to the education of African Americans • Facilitated the founding of UT and Texas A&M

  16. ACTS/LEGISLATION pg U12-7 & 8 • Dawes Act 1887 • Law allowed for the President to break up reservation land to be parceled/distributed to individual owners • Intended to encourage Native Americans to give up their traditional cultures= required to assimilate into American society

  17. pg U12-9 Significant groups/people • Andrew Johnson – • became President after Lincoln was shot. • Was in favor of a softer form of reconstruction • Radical Republicans tried to impeach him • Radical Republicans: • Favored harsh treatment of the South • Pushed for Freedmen’s citizenship and voting rights • Seized land from plantation owners • Not willing to compromise with South • Ulysses S. Grant – • President during the rest of Reconstruction. His presidency was riddled with corruption. • Hiram Rhodes Revels – • 1870 First African American Senator • From Mississippi • Appointed by state legislature during Reconstruction • Spoke out against segregation

  18. Significant groups/people pg U12-9 • Scalawags – Southerners who sided with or voted for Radical Republicans • Carpetbaggers – Northerners who came to the South for business or to replace the democratic politicians

  19. Reconstruction Ends • Nation rebuilt and reunited • Did not achieve, but on the path to equality for African Americans • African Americans still in poverty and widespread violence, but could legally vote and hold office • Republicans lost political power = Democrats rule the South for next 100 years

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