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Reconstruction

Reconstruction. Chapter 20. Reconstruction. Process of reuniting the nation and rebuilding the South without slavery. Lasted from 1865 to 1877. Lincoln’s Plan. Offer amnesty to southerners who took a loyalty oath, and accepted a ban on slavery.

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Reconstruction

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  1. Reconstruction Chapter 20

  2. Reconstruction • Process of reuniting the nation and rebuilding the South without slavery. • Lasted from 1865 to 1877.

  3. Lincoln’s Plan • Offer amnesty to southerners who took a loyalty oath, and accepted a ban on slavery. • When 10% of voters had made pledges, state could form government and apply for readmission.

  4. Wade-Davis Bill • State had to ban slavery. • Majority of adult males had to take loyalty oath. • Confederate supporters could not vote or hold office.

  5. Johnson as President • Gave amnesty to southerners who took loyalty oath and denounced slavery. • Required former Confederate officials to receive a presidential pardon for amnesty. • Issued over 7,000 pardons.

  6. Johnson’s Plan • States must write new Constitution, elect new officials to Congress. • Must declare secession illegal. • States could not repay war debts. • Congress Angry • Confederate officials were elected to Congress. • Refused to readmit reconstructed states.

  7. Radical Republican Plan • Placed South under military control. • Required states to guarantee right to vote to African-American men. • Johnson is impeached but not removed from office.

  8. Reconstruction • Election of 1868 • Republicans Select U.S. Grant as their 1868 presidential nominee • Grant is a supporter of congressional reconstruction • His campaign slogan is “Let Us Have Peace”

  9. Johnson vs. Congress • Freedmen’s Bureau Bill • Johnson vetoes bill expanding the powers of the Freedmen’s Bureau, says African-Americans do not need assistance. • Civil Rights Act of 1866 • Johnson vetoed act, Congress overrides veto.

  10. The Black Codes • Laws that limited freedom of African-Americans passed in southern states. • Must sign work contracts that created working conditions similar to slavery. • State governments were racist. Institutionalized Racism

  11. Thirteenth Amendment

  12. The Freedmen’s Bureau • Established by Congress in 1865 to provide relief to poor southerners, especially African-Americans. • Bureau helped to promote education by building schools.

  13. Fourteenth Amendment • Defined citizenship and guaranteed equal protection of the laws to citizens. • States could not deny citizens “life, liberty or property” without due process. • Banned former Confederate officials from holding state or federal office • Made state laws subject to review by federal courts.

  14. The Fifteenth Amendment • Guaranteed African-American men the right to vote. • Men only

  15. Election of 1876 • Republican: Rutherford B. Hayes (Ohio Gov.) VS Democrat: Samuel J. Tilden (New York Gov.) • Initially Tilden appears to have won but the Republicans contest the electoral votes of Florida, Louisiana, South Carolina, and Oregon

  16. Election of 1876 • Due to the close results of the election, a special commission of 5 congressmen and 5 Supreme Court Judges are given the responsibility to decide which way the votes will be cast

  17. Compromise of 1877 • They decide to give the votes to Hayes and he becomes the 19th President of the US • In order to solidify the election of 1876 the Democrats and Republicans agree to the Compromise of 1877

  18. Legal Segregation • As democrats regain control of southern state governments they began to instill legalized segregation, the forced separation of whites and blacks • These new laws that required segregation were called Jim Crow Laws

  19. Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 • A Louisiana black man (Homer Plessy) refused to leave the whites only section of a train and was arrested because of it. • Plessy claimed that this violated his equal protection under the constitution

  20. Ruling on Plessy v. Fergson • The supreme court ruled that “separate but equal” segregation was legal • The separate part was enforced by the states but not so much the equal part • These policies are legal until 1954 with the court case of Brown vs. Board of Education, that’s 58 years

  21. Republicans Lose Power • As former Confederate states start to get readmitted to the union the Democrats gain power in congress • In 1872 the General Amnesty Act was passed which allowed former confederates to hold office

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