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Unit 1 Chemistry

Unit 1 Chemistry. Review of Basic Chemistry. name. charge. symbol. mass. location. proton. electron. neutron. p +. +. 1 amu. nucleus. e -. orbiting the nucleus. 1/1837 amu. -. o. n o. 1 amu. nucleus. 1 amu = 1.67 x -24 g. A: Subatomic Particles.

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Unit 1 Chemistry

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  1. Unit 1 Chemistry

  2. Review of Basic Chemistry

  3. name charge symbol mass location proton electron neutron p+ + 1 amu nucleus e- orbiting the nucleus 1/1837 amu - o no 1 amu nucleus 1 amu = 1.67 x -24 g

  4. A: Subatomic Particles Electrons carry a negative charge and move around the nucleus. Atoms are composed of protons, electrons, and neutrons. The nucleus is made up of positively charged protons, and neutrons, which have no electrical charge.

  5. Size of 1 Atom: An atom is around 0.1 nanometer, or 100 picometers.

  6. http://www.powersof10.com/film

  7. B: Structure of Atoms • In a neutral atom, the number of protons(atomic number) = the number of electrons. • The mass number = # protons + # neutrons. • Each electron orbital can hold a certain number of electrons: 1storbital can hold only 2 e-(inner most) 2ndorbital can hold only 8 e- 3rdorbital can hold only 8 e- 4thorbital can hold only 18 e-

  8. Atomic structure of a fluorine atom:

  9. Electrons do NOT orbit the nucleus like planets orbit the sun Rather, they occupy “areas of probability” around the nucleus

  10. sodium 12 11 6 carbon 6 9 fluorine 9 10 16 sulphur 32 16 92 92 238 146 silver 47 108

  11. How many electrons does a sodium atom have in its outer orbit? one • How many electrons does carbon have in its outer orbit? four • How many neutrons does a nickel atom have? 31 • How many electrons does hydrogen have? one • How many electrons does helium have in its outer orbit? two • Does oxygen have a complete outer electron orbit? No – 6 electrons

  12. The Periodic Table

  13. Constructing a “Periodic Table” look at each animal and make brief notesabout its appearance when we have seen all of the animals, you will arrange them into logical groups based on ?

  14. 1 m 1 m wild horse tiger 1 m 1 m zebra eland

  15. 1 m 1 m wildcat impala 1 m 0.3 m jackal coyote

  16. 1 m 1 m lynx kudu 1 m wild ass

  17. 1 m timberwolf 1 m gazelle 1 m leopard

  18. now put these animals into two logical groups now divide the two groups each into two subgroups then organize them in the same pattern within each group

  19. we can arrange them into groups by appearance and then within groups, by size wildcat gazelle lynx impala wild ass jackal leopard kudu zebra coyote tiger eland wild horse wolf

  20. wildcat wildcat gazelle gazelle lynx lynx wild ass wild ass impala impala jackal jackal leopard leopard zebra zebra kudu kudu coyote coyote tiger tiger wild horse wild horse eland eland timberwolf timberwolf herbivores carnivores give up life take life Not all carnivores are equal, some take life more easily Not all herbivores are equal, some give up life more easily

  21. now let’s relate this to the real Periodic Table of Elements

  22. C: The Periodic Table • The periodic table is made of three types of elements; 1. metals (give up electrons) 2. non-metals (take electrons) 3. metalloids (bit of both) boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, polonium

  23. A chemical group/family is a vertical column of elements that have similar physical and chemical properties. On the periodic table there are 18 vertical groups. Column 1: alkali metals Column 2:  alkaline earth metals Column 3-11: transition metals  Column 17: halogens  Column 18: noble gases/inert gases  Two Rows at Bottom: rare earth metals

  24. based only on atomic properties the Periodic Table would look like this!! for convenience, we pull out the rare earths so the Periodic Table looks like what we see

  25. Periods • Periods are horizontal rows of elements. • The first period (row) contains 2 elements.  • The second period (row) contains 8 elements etc. • The properties of an element gradually change across a period.  • The size of an atom gets smaller as you move across a period.

  26. Valence electrons: • Electrons that occupy the outermost orbitalare responsible for the chemical behavior of the element. sodium atom

  27. D: Lewis Diagrams • Lewis diagrams show the number of electrons in the outermost orbit only. 1 5 2 4 R 6 8 3 7 Take out a piece of paper and make Lewis diagrams for B, Be, C, Cl, F, H, He, Li, Mg, N, Na, O, P, S

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