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Chemistry Unit 1

Chemistry Unit 1. Scientific Notation and Metrics. Scientific Notation. Working with very big and very small numbers A whole number and a decimal multiplied by a power of 10 Examples: 6.5 x 10 9 3.4 x 10 10 8 x 10 -3. Converting to scientific notation. Move the decimal 5,400,000.0

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Chemistry Unit 1

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  1. Chemistry Unit 1 Scientific Notation and Metrics

  2. Scientific Notation • Working with very big and very small numbers • A whole number and a decimal multiplied by a power of 10 • Examples: 6.5 x 109 3.4 x 1010 8 x 10-3

  3. Converting to scientific notation • Move the decimal • 5,400,000.0 • 5.4 x 106 • 0.00000000345 • 3.45 x 10-9 • HINT: Large numbers  positive exponentsSmall numbers  negative exponents

  4. Converting to decimal form • Positive exponent— move decimal to the right • Negative exponent—move the decimal to left • 4.5 x 107 • 45,000,000.0 • 7.89 x 10-4 • 0.000789 • 10-2 • Think of this as 1 x 10-2 • 0.01 • What about 100? • 100 = 1 So 3.5 would be 3.5 x 100

  5. Multiplication • Multiply numbers and ADD exponents • (2 x 10 4) x (3.4 x 10-3) • 6.8 x 101 • (2.3 x 10 -2) x (5 x 107) • 11.5 x 105 • WHAT’S WRONG?? • Not in standard scientific notation!! • 11.5 x 105 • 1.15 X 106

  6. Division • Divide numbers and SUBTRACT exponents 2 x 1035 0.333 x 107 3.33 x 106

  7. International System (SI) of Measurement Metric Prefixes:

  8. Metric Conversions • 1,000.0 cm = _____ km? • Move the decimal the number of spaces on the number line, in the correct direction • 0.01 km

  9. Try these: • ______ cm = 1 meter • 100 cm • ______mm = 1 meter • 1,000 mm • 4,000,000 bytes = _______Mbytes • 4 Mbytes • 85 kilodollars = _______dollars • 85,000 dollars

  10. To help you remember try these: • 10-2 mental • 10-6 scope • 106 phone • 101 ration • Ba 10-9

  11. Mini Quiz 1 (Lab 2 Day) • Convert to Scientific Notation • 0.00000456 4.56 X 10-6 • 267,000,000,000.0 2.67 X 1011 Solve 3. (2.3 x 105) x (4.5 x 10-9) = 10.35 X 10-4 = 1.035 X 10-3 4. 26 km = ____ mm 26,000,000 5. 568 µg = ____ g 0.000568 g

  12. Derived Units Based on other units (combinations) • Speed  m/sec • Area  cm2 or m2 • Volume  cm3 or dm3 • Density  g/ml or g/cm3 Demo: 1 ml = 1 cm3 1 L = 1 dm3

  13. Factor Label Method • Useful ALL YEAR!!!! • Use known facts to convert units

  14. Conversion Factors • Length: 1 in = 2.54 cm 1 mi = 5280 ft 1000 m = 1 km • Mass: 1 kg = 2.2 lbs • Volume: 354 ml = 12 fl oz. 1 L = 1.06 qts

  15. Rules **** Start with given units.  Use conversion factors to multiply or divide  All units should cancel out, except your desired units.

  16. Examples • 2 hrs = ____ min

  17. 3 miles = _____ inches

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