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The Structures of the Lung

The Structures of the Lung. By Sam, Peter & Kelly. Respiratory System. Main Structures: Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Capillaries Red blood cells. Bronchi- Pathways for air (tunnels) Two main branches that connect the trachea to each of the lungs.

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The Structures of the Lung

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  1. The Structures of the Lung By Sam, Peter & Kelly

  2. Respiratory System Main Structures: • Bronchi • Bronchioles • Alveoli • Capillaries • Red blood cells

  3. Bronchi- Pathways for air (tunnels) Two main branches that connect the trachea to each of the lungs Bronchioles- many branches off of the Bronchi Smaller tunnels of air than Bronchi Bronchi and Bronchioles

  4. Bronchi & Bronchioles: like a root system Bronchi: trunk (x2); Bronchioles: roots

  5. Alveoli Structure • Grape-like clusters • High surface area • Alveolar epithelium  very thin (rapid gas exchange) • Thin walls - one cell thick • Densely covered with blood capillaries • Inner walls are lined with pulmonary surfactant • contain stretch receptors

  6. Function of Alveoli • Primary gas exchange units of the lung • Oxygen  alveolar epithelium  capillary endothelium • Reverse process for carbon dioxide • Lowers the surface tension within the alveoli -prevents them from collapsing • Prevents alveoli from over-filling with air and causing damage to the thin walls

  7. Oxygenating the Blood

  8. Diffusion • Capillaries have higher concentration of CO2 • Diffusion through thin alveoli wall • High to low concentration • Alveoli have higher concentration of O2 • Diffusion through capillary wall • High to low concentration • Oxygenates blood

  9. Red Blood Cells • The circular, doughnut shape has high surface area • Carry the oxygen from lungs to rest of body • Brain, muscles, etc. • Rids itself of carbon dioxide in gas exchange • Hemoglobin (protein) allows cells to carry oxygen

  10. Lung System Overview Inhalation of air (16% oxygen) Air flows through trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and into alveoli Gas exchange at capillaries, RBCs are oygenated RBCs supply oxygen to the body (brain, muscles, tissues…)

  11. References • Daniels, Christopher B. and Orgeig, Sandra (2003). "Pulmonary Surfactant: The Key to the Evolution of Air Breathing". News in Physiological Sciences18 (4): 151–157. • ^ Weibel ER (March 2008). "How to make an alveolus". Eur. Respir. J.31 (3): 483–5. doi:10.1183/09031936.00003308. PMID 18310393. • ^ Maton, Anthea; Jean Hopkins, Charles William McLaughlin, Susan Johnson, Maryanna Quon Warner, David LaHart, Jill D. Wright (1993). Human Biology and Health. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-981176-1. • Moore, Keith L. and Arthur F. Dalley. Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 4th ed. (1999). ISBN 0-7817-5936-6

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