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Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs

Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs. Introduction. Pharaohs - ancient Egyptians rulers; they believed they were gods Old Kingdom - 2700 B.C.E – 2200 B.C.E Strong central government during this time; age of pyramids Middle Kingdom - about 2000 B.C.E. – 1800 B.C.E. Period of Reunification

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Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs

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  1. Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs

  2. Introduction • Pharaohs- ancient Egyptians rulers; they believed they were gods • Old Kingdom - 2700 B.C.E – 2200 B.C.E • Strong central government during this time; age of pyramids • Middle Kingdom - about 2000 B.C.E. – 1800 B.C.E. • Period of Reunification • New Kingdom – about 1600 B.C.E. – 1100 B.C.E. • Egypt’s Golden Age; increased trade during this time of peace and stability

  3. Pyramids • Built as tombs for pharaohs • Pharaohs were believed to be gods • Egyptians also believed in life after death • The pyramids were built to honor the pharaohs forever • Great Pyramid at Giza is one of the greatest

  4. Khufu • Ruled from 2551 to 2528 B.C.E • Khufu established the pharaoh as central authority • Had a large network of government officials • Declared himself a god • Built the Great Pyramid of Giza

  5. Great Pyramid of Giza • A center of huge complex • More than 2 million stone blocks • Took 20 years to complete • No one is exactly sure how they built it

  6. The Sphinx by the Great Pyramid • Head of a man • Body of a lion

  7. Senusret I • Ruled from 1971 to 1926 B.C.E. • Patron of the Arts • Craftspeople thrived under his rule • “The Story of Sinuhe” written during his rule • Greatest accomplishment was religious architecture Senusret shown clutching ankh which is an Egyptian symbol for eternal life

  8. White Chapel • Chapel is a small temple at Karnak • Made of alabaster – a hard white stone • Beautiful artwork decorated the chapel’s pillar • The white chapel was taken apart by another pharaoh but was later rebuilt by archeologists

  9. Stone carvings of Senusret I

  10. Menes • Ruled from 3100 to 2850 B.C.E • Founded the city of Crocodilopulus • Credited with uniting Upper and Lower Egypt • Unification is the joining of two parts into one

  11. Unification of Egypt Red Crown of Lower Egypt White Crown of Upper Egypt

  12. The Red and White Crownwere joined together to symbolize the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt

  13. What the new crown looked like

  14. Hatshepsut • Ruled from 1473 – 1458 B.C.E • Egypt’s first female pharaoh • Greatest accomplishment was gaining power • Sometimes wore male clothing and a fake beard • promoted trade with other countries • Biggest trade expedition was to Punt • Traded jewelry, bronze weapons, papyrus • Over 200 men made the journey

  15. Other images of Hatshepsut

  16. Hatshepsut’sTemple at Dayr al-Bahri • Built into a cliff above the Nile River • At the entrance were two tall thin monuments called obelisks • Entrance also had 200 sphinxes

  17. Obelisk at temple

  18. Ramses II • Ruled from 1290 to 1224 B.C.E • Reigned more than 60 years as Ramses the Great • One of the most famous • Over 100 wives and children • Fearless soldier – he was made a captain at 10 years old

  19. The Temple at Abu Simbal

  20. Ramses depicted as a warrior

  21. Stone figure of Ramses the Great

  22. King Tutankhaman • Ruled from 1341 to 1323 B.C.E. • 9 years old when he became pharaoh • 19 years old when he died • Tomb was discovered in 1922 in the Valley of the Kings • It was the greatest discovery of all times

  23. The treasures of King Tut’s Tomb

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