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Road to War Chapter 16-17

Road to War Chapter 16-17. Causes of World War 2. Failure of League of Nations No USA membership No enforcement of Versailles Treaty Resentment created by treaty USA never signed it USA- isolationism Not concerned with world affairs Worldwide economic depression

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Road to War Chapter 16-17

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  1. Road to WarChapter 16-17

  2. Causes of World War 2 Failure of League of Nations No USA membership No enforcement of Versailles Treaty Resentment created by treaty USA never signed it USA- isolationism Not concerned with world affairs Worldwide economic depression USA Great Depression Hitler/Nazi-end economic depression

  3. Challenges to Peace Nazi Conquests Rhineland-troops (Violation of Versailles) Austria Czechoslovakia/Sudetenland Munich Conference Poland Denmark, Lux, Netherlands Norway, Belgium France http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCXSuaOozDE

  4. German Conquest of Europe http://notanotherhistoryteacher.edublogs.org/tag/interactive-wwii-maps/

  5. Role of USA American Neutrality Definition-not taking sides President Roosevelt Is the USA really neutral? (1940) Lend-lease Act: President can lend, lease, or give military equipment to any country

  6. Lend Lease Act (March 1941) Economic Aid Military Aid 37,000 tanks 800,000 trucks 2 million rifles 43,000 planes Ammunition Gasoline Medical supplies • $50.1 billion • Great Britain • USSR • France • China

  7. Role of USA Atlantic Charter (1941) FDR (USA) and Churchill (Great Britain) Goals: Free trade Free seas Right to choose government Limit military No change boundaries No gain territory Freedom from fear

  8. War vs Peace In Favor of War Opposition to War United States Congress Congress has power to declare war America First Keep America out of War Congress Isolationists http://www.aol.com/video/opposition-in-the-us-to-enter-world-war-2/516911287/ • FDR supports war • “We will fight eventually!” • Need a cause or reason • What will change American opinion? • Are we really neutral?

  9. America Enters War Attack on Pearl Harbor (US Naval Base, Hawaii) Dec. 7, 1941 (Sunday) Surprise attack by Japanese military http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Attack+On+Pearl+Harbor+History+Channel&FORM=RESTAB#view=detail&mid=5D90F65047E358EFE9545D90F65047E358EFE954 2500 dead 200 planes destroyed 18 ships sunk or destroyed No aircraft carriers in the harbor! Worst attack against US in history (pre Sept 11th) Attack Scene (DVD)

  10. USS Arizona US battle ship Lost over 1000 of the crew Symbol of war (propaganda) http://www.ussarizona.org/ http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=uss+arizona+oil+leak&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=019037753F7E7B6A8EC9019037753F7E7B6A8EC9

  11. FDR’s Declaration of War Speech To Nation http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=fdr's+declaration+of+war&qs=AS&sk=AS1&FORM=QBVR&pq=fdr's%20de&sc=8-8&sp=2&qs=AS&sk=AS1#view=detail&mid=430B39DF35AB7CB86AD1430B39DF35AB7CB86AD1

  12. Jeannette Rankin Congresswoman from Montana First woman elected to Congress (1916) Voted against war in 1941 (also in 1917-WW1) As a woman, I can't go to war, and I refuse to send anyone else. (Congressional speech, 1941) Believed FDR deliberately provoked Japan Does not run in 1943-No chance to win

  13. Did the USA Know? Benefits of Allowing Attack American opinion changed-Anti War to Pro War Full support of Congress and people Would the USA let attack happen? FDR’s goal was to enter the war Would FDR allow USA to be attacked? End Depression Stop Hitler and Japan (will fight eventually) Froze Japanese assets in US banks Stopped exporting oil to Japan Gulf of Tonkin, Cuban Missile Crisis

  14. Pearl Harbor Conspiracy Cracked Codes-JN 25 239 decoded messages How long do ships remain anchored Day of week with most ships Torpedo nets Observation balloons

  15. Pearl Harbor Conspiracy Evidence that FDR knew Verbal: Richard Sorge-Soviet spy He found out that Japan was going to attack Oct. 1941 Warned USA Dusko Popov-British spy Aug. 1941 Informed FBI that there would be an attack KilsooHaan-Korean spy Oct 1941 Warned USA US Ambassador Joseph Grew-claimed to have seen Japanese preparing for battle (Nov 1941)

  16. Pearl Harbor Conspiracy Visual Radar: saw attack on radar (2 Army Privates) no planes were launched nothing was done USS Ward ship patrolling saw a Japanese submarine blew it up 15 minutes before the attack captain radioed it in

  17. Pearl Harbor Conspiracy Reaction of FDR “This means war!” (Dec 6th) “War starts tomorrow” (Dec 6th) “Japan has given us the opportunity” (Dec 7th 3pm) Unsurprised/showed great relief Need to aid Great Britain (Churchill) Must stop Hitler End justifies the means (The Prince by Machiavelli)

  18. Evidence?? http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=FDR+Conspiracy+Theory&FORM=RESTAB#view=detail&mid=EA119825F575D2A9662CEA119825F575D2A9662C (Short Video) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yBd-gZvvsk (Long Video)

  19. Pearl Harbor Conspiracy USA didn’t know! • FDR risks vs. benefits • What does FDR know? Did he get all of the info? • What the information accurate? Decoded messages were only 20% accurate • Risky for his presidency. He could be impeached- charged with crime (treason), removed from office, and his legacy would be the worst in history. • Keep it secret? There are theories but no proof. • FDR: moral character- he would be responsible for the deaths of 3,000 people. • Risk to lose the war. No guarantee to win.

  20. War on the Home Front Economic Battle Conversion of Industries • Make war materials ($350 billion) • 48 hour work week (avg) • Unemployment rate- 1% to 1.5% • US industrial might: US output = total of Japan, Italy, and Germany • Recycling- aluminum, rubber, glass • Rationing

  21. War on the Home Front National War Labor Board Limits wage increases Limits right to strike Controls labor unions Sets work day

  22. War on the Home Front Financing the War War bonds/Liberty Bonds Increase in taxes Bond Rallies Office of Price Administration Set prices Rationed goods (sugar, gas, meat, fuel, oil, butter, shoes, coffee) Black Market-illegal to sell rationed items Examples of rationed items http://www.ameshistory.org/exhibits/ration_items.htm

  23. War on the Home Front Social change Role of women worked in factories (Rosie the Riveter) non-traditional jobs steel mills, factories, civil defense Propaganda Censorship: First Amendment suspended Role of Walt Disney-Examples

  24. War on the Home Front Japanese Internment Executive Order 9066 All people-Japanese ancestry (AZ, CA, WA, OR) Were arrested and forced to relocate 110,000 people/700 American citizens http://ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=74 Why? National Security Could be spies Pearl Harbor? Racism?

  25. Japanese Internment

  26. War on the Home Front Korematsuvs. USA (1944) USA Supreme Court Case Fred Korematsu refuses to go to internment camp violation of his Constitutional rights government puts him in jail Supreme Court- upholds government decision it doesn’t violate the Constitution (6-3) National Security is more important than individual rights (Schenck) Reaction (1976) President Gerald Ford repeals Executive Order and finds him innocent Gives $20,000 to all survivors of camps ($1.6 Billion total) Property loss=$1.3 billion/Income loss $2.7 billion Is this right? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2teQMtpBD24

  27. Fall of Germany Invasion of Normandy D-Day US invasion of Europe June 6th 1944 Largest military operation of the war http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=saving+private+ryan+omaha+beach&qs=VI&form=QBVR&pq=saving+&sc=8-7&sp=7&sk=VI6#view=detail&mid=AE401B3879604BA1B536AE401B3879604BA1B536

  28. D-Day Invasion

  29. Hitler’s Suicide Late April, 1945-Benito Mussolini (Italy) murdered by his own people April 30th, 1945-Hitler commits suicide Berlin falls May 2nd V-E Day May 8th, 1945 Did Hitler really die in 1945? http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=hitler+survived+history+channel&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=hitler+survived+history+channel&sc=0-16&sp=-1&sk=#view=detail&mid=C7C4FB5A194B72445436C7C4FB5A194B72445436 Evidence http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=hitler+survived+history+channel&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=hitler+survived+history+channel&sc=0-16&sp=-1&sk=#view=detail&mid=31FC91ABFDF7EE847CDC31FC91ABFDF7EE847CDC

  30. Story of Sobibor Death camp in Poland (April-1942 to Oct 1943) Only mass escape in history! Over 600 attempt to escape 300 are successful http://www.sobibor.info/index.html Survivors http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_survivors_of_Sobibor John Demjanjuk-Ivan the Terrible http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/demjanjukbio.html

  31. Atomic Bomb Manhattan Project Code name-US nuclear program FDR (1939) starts for $6000 Goal: create nuclear reaction/weapon Tested (NM) July 16th, 1945 Impact on World? Positive or Negative Fat man and Little boy Einstein’s letter http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Begin/Einstein.shtml

  32. Bomb Decision President Harry Truman’s Options (FDR dies-1945) Threaten to drop bombs Demonstration Use-military/civilian targets Invade Japan Issues/problems with each option? Truman’s decision Drop both on civilian targets Hiroshima, Nagasaki Why?End the war! Bomb Test http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEaqbv3WuF0

  33. Impact Hiroshima-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NF4LQaWJRDg Destroys everything for 4 square miles 7200 degrees of heat created Fires 2 miles in every direction Mushroom cloud-Black Rain Killed-120,000 Injured-200,000 (estimates) Over 5 year period-250-300,000 dead Future generations effected Impact of Chernobyl (1986) Ends World War 2 (After bombing Nagasaki)

  34. Ethical? Was this the right decision? Support your answer What other options could be used? Impact on history? World view of the United States Nuclear Age-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VG2aJyIFrA USA vs USSR (West vs East) Start of Cold War (1945-1990)

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