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Syntax Word patterns

Syntax Word patterns. Syntactic form Sentence patterns Grammatical roles Phrase structure rules Hierarchical structure. Syntactic functions Event schemata Semantic roles Salience “Energy” flow. S. NP. VP. N. V. Homer preens. Syntactic arguments. Homer preens DOING

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Syntax Word patterns

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  1. SyntaxWord patterns English 306A; Harris

  2. Syntactic form Sentence patterns Grammatical roles Phrase structure rules Hierarchical structure Syntactic functions Event schemata Semantic roles Salience “Energy” flow S NP VP N V Homer preens Syntactic arguments • Homer preens • DOING • Agent: Homer English 306A; Harris

  3. Linear SequenceEnglish basic sentence patterns (p.89) • V1 • V2 • V3 • VCOP • VCOMP • VT-COMP Intransitive Transitive Ditransitive Copulative Complement Transitive-complement 1 argument 2 arguments 3 arguments 2 arguments (1= complement) 2 argument (1=complement) 3 arguments(1=complement) English 306A; Harris

  4. S  NP VP NPs VPs Homer preens. Homer loves his blanket. Homer throws the dog a bone. Homer is sexy. Homer goes to the bar. Homer throws a bone to the dog. • V1 • V2 • V3 • VCOP • VCOMP • VT-COMP English 306A; Harris

  5. S  NP VP NPs VPs Homer preens. Homer loves his blanket. Homer throws the dog a bone. Homer is sexy. Homer goes to the bar. Homer throws a bone to the dog. • V1 • V2 • V3 • VCOP • VCOMP • VT-COMP English 306A; Harris

  6. Basic English phrase structure NP VP (Det) (AP)* N (PP) (Deg) A P NP (Aux) V (NP) (NP) (PP)* • S  • NP  • AP  • PP  • VP  (Aux) VCOP VPCOP APNPPP English 306A; Harris

  7. Phrase Structure Rules • X  Y X “is a” Y • X Y X precedes Y • (X) X is optional • X* X iterates: 1 - ∞ Xs • X X or Y • Y English 306A; Harris

  8. Phrase Structure Rules • Hierarchy S  NP VP • Linear Sequence English 306A; Harris

  9. Noun Adjective Noun blackboard Structural analysis Lexical Syntactic NP AP A N black board English 306A; Harris

  10. Phrase structureSyntactic analysis NP AP Det A N the black board English 306A; Harris

  11. Phrase structureSyntactic analysis NP AP Det Deg A N the very black board English 306A; Harris

  12. Sexy Homer Homer is sexy English 306A; Harris

  13. Linear SequenceSexy Homer VCOP Adj N Homer is sexy English 306A; Harris

  14. HierarchySexy Homer NP VPCOP AP VCOP Adj N Homer is sexy English 306A; Harris

  15. HierarchySexy Homer S NP VPCOP AP VCOP Adj N Homer is sexy English 306A; Harris

  16. HierarchySexy Homer • Copular verb phrase S VPCOP NP AP VCOP Adj N Homer is sexy English 306A; Harris

  17. HierarchySexy Homer • Copular verb phrase S NP VPCOP NP N VCOP Det N Homer is a sexpot English 306A; Harris

  18. HierarchySexy Homer S • Copular verb phrase VPCOP NP PP NP N VCOP P N Homer is in trouble English 306A; Harris

  19. Phrase structureHierarchical & Linear Structure NP AP Hierachy Det Deg A N the very blackboard Linear sequence English 306A; Harris

  20. Phrase structureHierarchical & Linear Structure NP AP Hierachy N Deg A Det planche trèsnoire la Linear sequence English 306A; Harris

  21. Linear SequenceThe preening Homer Homer preens English 306A; Harris

  22. Linear SequenceThe preening Homer N V Homer preens English 306A; Harris

  23. HierarchyThe preening Homer NP VP N V Homer preens English 306A; Harris

  24. HierarchyThe preening Homer S NP VP N V Homer preens English 306A; Harris

  25. HierarchyThe preening Homer • Intransitive verb phrase S NP VP N V Homer preens English 306A; Harris

  26. Linear SequenceThe loving Homer Homer loves his blanket English 306A; Harris

  27. Linear SequenceThe loving Homer N V Det N Homer loves his blanket English 306A; Harris

  28. HierarchyThe loving Homer NP NP N V Det N Homer loves his blanket English 306A; Harris

  29. HierarchyThe loving Homer VP NP NP N V Det N Homer loves his blanket English 306A; Harris

  30. HierarchyThe loving Homer S VP NP NP N V Det N Homer loves his blanket English 306A; Harris

  31. HierarchyThe loving Homer • Transitive verb phrase S VP NP NP N V Det N Homer loves his blanket English 306A; Harris

  32. Linear SequenceHomer’s eating habits The big bald guy eats crap English 306A; Harris

  33. Linear SequenceHomer’s eating habits Det Adj Adj N V N The big bald guy eats crap English 306A; Harris

  34. HierarchyHomer’s eating habits NP AP AP NP Det Adj Adj N V N The big bald guy eats crap English 306A; Harris

  35. HierarchyHomer’s eating habits NP VP AP AP NP Det Adj Adj N V N The big bald guy eats crap English 306A; Harris

  36. HierarchyHomer’s eating habits S NP VP AP AP NP Det Adj Adj N V N The big bald guy eats crap English 306A; Harris

  37. Structural ambiguity • I was in the store, I looked out the window, and I saw the man: “from the store” modifies ‘saw’. • 2. The man is associated with the store, and I saw him: “from the store” modifies ‘the man’. I saw the man from the store. English 306A; Harris

  38. Structural ambiguitySame linear sequence same, different hierarchy S S VP NP VP PP PP NP NP NP NP NP Pro V Det N P Det N V Det N P Det N Pro I saw the man from the store. I saw the man from the store. English 306A; Harris

  39. Structural ambiguitySame linear sequence same, different hierarchy S S VP VP NP PP NP NP NP Pro V V Pro I saw the man from the store. I saw the man from the store. English 306A; Harris

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