WORD STRESS PATTERNS

1. WORD STRESS PATTERNS Profª. Flávia Maria

2. WORD STRESS PATTERNS Stress Patterns • Rule – Using the correct stress pattern is more important than using the correct sounds.

3. WORD STRESS PATTERNS Say the following words aloud. Which syllable has the strongest stress. • hamburger • cookies • pizza • extremely • accurate • machine • refrigerate • refrigerator • refrigeration

4. WORD STRESS PATTERNS • ’hamburger • ’cookies • ’pizza • ex’tremely • ’accurate • ma’chine • re’frigerate • re’frigerator • refrige’ration

5. WORD STRESS PATTERNS Two-syllable names and phrases 1. Rule – If you leave out verbs, 90 percent of two-syllable words are stressed on the first syllable. Two-syllable personal names are also likely to be stressed on the first syllable.

6. WORD STRESS PATTERNS Say these names and phrases aloud. 1.Charlie Chaplin 2.Michael Jackson 3.Elvis Presley 4.Robert Redford 5.instant coffee 6.chocolate candy 7.English muffin 8.frozen yogurt

7. TWO WORD STRESS • According to whether it is an ordinary two-word expression or a special, set expression, the place of the stress changes. In an ordinary expression the two words are used to describe something like a "white HOUSE" (meaning a house that is painted white, and not blue or grey). In this case the most important note is the noun because we are talking about a house that happens to be white.

8. TWO WORD STRESS • But sometimes two word expressions mean something special and have to be made different from similar expressions. One example is "the WHITE house" where Mr Obama lives. In this case, the emphasis is on the adjective because we are more interested in stressing that it is the house that is known because it is white. Compare other examples: • LIGHT bulb Shines with electricity • Light BULBA bulb that is not heavy

9. DEGRESS OF STRESS: • Primary stress: • It is the stronger degree of stress. • Primary stress gives the final stressed syllable. • Primary stress is very important in compound words. • Secondary stress: • Secondary stress is the weaker of two degrees of stress in the pronunciation of a word. • Secondary stress gives the other lexically stressed syllables in a word. • Secondary stress is important primarily in long words with several syllables

10. NOTATION: Different systems exist for indicating syllabification and stress. • In IPA, primary stress is indicated by a high vertical line before the syllable, secondary stress by a low vertical line. Example: /sɪˌlæbəfɪˈkeɪʃən/. • In English dictionaries which do not use IPA, stress is typically marked with a prime mark placed after the stressed syllable: /si-lab′-ə-fi-kay′-shən/.