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Syntax Word patterns

Syntax Word patterns. Syntactic form Linear Sentence patterns Grammatical roles Phrase structure rules Hierarchical structure. Syntactic functions Event schemata Semantic roles “Energy” flow. S. NP. VP. N. V. Homer preens. Syntactic arguments. Homer preens DOING Agent: Homer.

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Syntax Word patterns

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  1. SyntaxWord patterns English 306A; Harris

  2. Syntactic form Linear Sentence patterns Grammatical roles Phrase structure rules Hierarchical structure Syntactic functions Event schemata Semantic roles “Energy” flow S NP VP N V Homer preens Syntactic arguments • Homer preens • DOING • Agent: Homer English 306A; Harris

  3. Linear SequenceEnglish basic sentence patterns (p.89) • V1 • V2 • V3 • VCOP • VCOMP • VT-COMP Intransitive Transitive Ditransitive Copulative Complement Transitive-complement 1 argument (Subj) 2 arguments (Subj, DObj) 3 arguments (Subj, DObj, IObj) 2 arguments (Subj, Comp) 2 argument (Subj, Comp) 3 arguments(Subj, DObj, Comp) English 306A; Harris

  4. S  NP VP NPs VPs Homer preens. Homer loves his blanket. Homer throws the dog a bone. Homer is incredibly sexy. Homer goes to the bar. Homer throws a bone to the dog. • V1 • V2 • V3 • VCOP • VCOMP • VT-COMP English 306A; Harris

  5. S  NP VP NPs VPs Homer preens. Homer loves his blanket. Homer throws the dog a bone. Homer is incredibly sexy. Homer goes tothe bar. Homer throws a bonetothe dog. • V1 • V2 • V3 • VCOP • VCOMP • VT-COMP NPs AP PPs English 306A; Harris

  6. Basic English phrase structure NP VP (Det) (AP)* N (PP) (Deg) A P NP (Aux) V (NP) (NP) (PP)* • S  • NP  • AP  • PP  • VP  (Aux) VCOP VPCOP APNPPP English 306A; Harris

  7. Phrase Structure Rules • X  Y X “is a” Y • X Y X precedes Y • (X) X is optional • X* X iterates: 1 - ∞ Xs • X X or Y • Y English 306A; Harris

  8. Phrase Structure Rules • Hierarchy S  NP VP Linear Sequence English 306A; Harris

  9. Noun Adjective Noun blackboard Structural analysis Lexical Syntactic NP AP A N black board English 306A; Harris

  10. Phrase structureSyntactic analysis NP AP Det A N the black board English 306A; Harris

  11. Phrase structureSyntactic analysis NP AP Det Deg A N the very black board English 306A; Harris

  12. Sexy Homer Homer is sexy English 306A; Harris

  13. Linear SequenceSexy Homer VCOP Adj N Homer is sexy English 306A; Harris

  14. HierarchySexy Homer NP VPCOP AP VCOP Adj N Homer is sexy English 306A; Harris

  15. HierarchySexy Homer S NP VPCOP AP VCOP Adj N Homer is sexy English 306A; Harris

  16. HierarchySexy Homer Copular verb phrase S VPCOP NP AP VCOP Adj N Homer is sexy English 306A; Harris

  17. HierarchySexy Homer Copular verb phrase S NP VPCOP NP N VCOP Det N Homer is a sexpot English 306A; Harris

  18. HierarchySexy Homer S Copular verb phrase VPCOP NP PP NP N VCOP P N Homer is in trouble English 306A; Harris

  19. Linear SequenceThe preening Homer Homer preens English 306A; Harris

  20. Linear SequenceThe preening Homer N V Homer preens English 306A; Harris

  21. HierarchyThe preening Homer NP VP N V Homer preens English 306A; Harris

  22. HierarchyThe preening Homer S NP VP N V Homer preens English 306A; Harris

  23. HierarchyThe preening Homer Intransitive verb phrase S NP VP N V Homer preens English 306A; Harris

  24. Linear SequenceThe loving Homer Homer loves his blanket English 306A; Harris

  25. Linear SequenceThe loving Homer N V Det N Homer loves his blanket English 306A; Harris

  26. HierarchyThe loving Homer NP NP N V Det N Homer loves his blanket English 306A; Harris

  27. HierarchyThe loving Homer VP NP NP N V Det N Homer loves his blanket English 306A; Harris

  28. HierarchyThe loving Homer S VP NP NP N V Det N Homer loves his blanket English 306A; Harris

  29. HierarchyThe loving Homer Transitive verb phrase S VP NP NP N V Det N Homer loves his blanket English 306A; Harris

  30. Linear SequenceHomer’s eating habits The big bald guy eats crap English 306A; Harris

  31. Linear SequenceHomer’s eating habits Det Adj Adj N V N The big bald guy eats crap English 306A; Harris

  32. HierarchyHomer’s eating habits NP AP AP NP Det Adj Adj N V N The big bald guy eats crap English 306A; Harris

  33. HierarchyHomer’s eating habits NP VP AP AP NP Det Adj Adj N V N The big bald guy eats crap English 306A; Harris

  34. HierarchyHomer’s eating habits S NP VP AP AP NP Det Adj Adj N V N The big bald guy eats crap English 306A; Harris

  35. Structural ambiguity • I was in the store, I looked out the window, and I saw the man: “from the store” modifies ‘saw’. • 2. The man is associated with the store, and I saw him: “from the store” modifies ‘the man’. I saw the man from the store. English 306A; Harris

  36. Structural ambiguitySame linear sequence, different hierarchy S S VP NP VP PP PP NP NP NP NP NP Pro V Det N P Det N V Det N P Det N Pro I saw the man from the store. I saw the man from the store. English 306A; Harris

  37. Structural ambiguitySame linear sequence, different hierarchy S S VP VP NP PP NP NP NP Pro V V Pro I saw the man from the store. I saw the man from the store. English 306A; Harris

  38. Subject Object Comp. SubjectObject Structural ambiguitySame linear sequence, different hierarchy I saw the man from the store. I saw the man from the store. Patient Location Patient English 306A; Harris

  39. Sentences • Homer preens. • Homer loves his blanket. • Homer eats. • Homer eats crap. • The fat bald guy eats crap. • The fat bald guy eats vast quantities of artery-hardening crap. • The fat bald guy throws the dog a bone. English 306A; Harris

  40. Verbs • Homer preens. • Homer loves his blanket. • Homer eats. • Homer eats crap. • The fat bald guy eats crap. • The fat bald guy eats vast quantities of artery-hardening crap. • The fat bald guy throws the dog a bone . English 306A; Harris

  41. Arguments V1 • Homer preens. • Homer loves his blanket. • Homer eats. • Homer eats crap. • The fat bald guy eats crap. • The fat bald guy eats vast quantities of artery-hardening crap. • The fat bald guy throws the doga bone. V2 V1 V2 V2 V2 V3 English 306A; Harris

  42. Sentences • Homer is sexy. • Homer is a nuclear-plant operations guy. • Homer is in the kitchen. • Homer goes to the bar. • The collar belongs to Santa’s Little Helper. • Marge bakes a cake for Maggie. • Bart throws a bone to the dog English 306A; Harris

  43. Verbs • Homer is sexy. • Homer is a nuclear-plant operations guy. • Homer is in the kitchen. • Homer goes to the bar. • The collar belongsto Santa’s Little Helper. • Marge bakes a cake for Maggie. • Bart throws a bone to the dog. English 306A; Harris

  44. Arguments VCOP • Homer is sexy. • Homer is a nuclear-plant operations guy. • Homer is in the kitchen. • Homer goes to the bar. • The collar belongsto Santa’s Little Helper. • Marge bakes a cake for Maggie. • Bart throws a bone at the dog. VCOP VCOP VCOMP V2 VT-COMP VT-C0MP English 306A; Harris

  45. Semantic roles Patient Essive • Homer is sexy. • Homer is a nuclear-plant operations guy. • Homer is in the kitchen. • Homer goes to the bar. • The collar belongsto Santa’s Little Helper. • Marge bakes a cake for Maggie. • Bart throws a bone at the dog. English 306A; Harris

  46. Semantic roles • Homer is sexy. • Homer is a nuclear-plant operations guy. • Homer is in the kitchen. • Homer goes to the bar. • The collar belongsto Santa’s Little Helper. • Marge bakes a cake for Maggie. • Bart throws a bone at the dog. Patient Essive English 306A; Harris

  47. Semantic roles • Homer is sexy. • Homer is a nuclear-plant operations guy. • Homer is in the kitchen. • Homer goes to the bar. • The collar belongsto Santa’s Little Helper. • Marge bakes a cake for Maggie. • Bart throws a bone at the dog. Patient Essive English 306A; Harris

  48. Semantic roles • Homer is sexy. • Homer is a nuclear-plant operations guy. • Homer is in the kitchen. • Homer goes to the bar. • The collar belongsto Santa’s Little Helper. • Marge bakes a cake for Maggie. • Bart throws a bone at the dog. Agent Goal English 306A; Harris

  49. Semantic roles • Homer is sexy. • Homer is a nuclear-plant operations guy. • Homer is in the kitchen. • Homer goes to the bar. • The collar belongsto Santa’s Little Helper. • Marge bakes a cake for Maggie. • Bart throws a bone at the dog. Patient Possessor English 306A; Harris

  50. Semantic roles • Homer is sexy. • Homer is a nuclear-plant operations guy. • Homer is in the kitchen. • Homer goes to the bar. • The collar belongs to Santa’s Little Helper. • Marge bakes a cake for Maggie. • Bart throws a bone at the dog. Agent Patient Receiver English 306A; Harris

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