Middle Kingdom New Kingdom chapter 4 sections 3 & 4

1. Middle Kingdom New Kingdomchapter 4 sections 3 & 4 2100 to 1786 B.C.

2. Middle Kingdom • Government officials took over Egypt because they were jealous of Pharaoh's power • Egypt in a state of confusion for 200 years • New pharaohs restore order and peace to Egypt • New pharaohs have less power than under the old kingdom

3. Middle Kingdom • Pharaohs no longer buried in pyramids, they were buried in tombs cut out of cliffs • Egyptians start trading with countries beyond Nile River • Middle Kingdom period ends in 1786 B.C. when Egypt is successfully invaded

4. Middle Kingdom • Hyksos are invaders from western Asia • Have horse drawn chariots that allow them to cross the desert • Used weapons made of bronze and iron • Egyptians easily defeated because they fought on foot and had weapons of copper and stone

5. Middle Kingdom • Hyksos were not popular with the Egyptians- they resented being controlled by foreign powers • Hyksos had greater skills in warfare and weapons than the Egyptians did • Hyksos ruled in Egypt for 150 years

6. Middle Kingdom • 1550 B. C. an Egyptian rebellion drove the Hyksos out of Egypt • Egyptians, as result of being ruled by another nation, became more aggressive to their neighbors, expanded their borders, and developed a well trained army to protect them.

7. Middle Kingdom • Other changes brought about during this time: • Worship of Ra (sun god) fell away • Osiris became the most popular god in Egypt • Used bronze • Loom to make cloth • Used humpbacked cattle to help with farming • The shadoof was developed and used to help with irrigation

8. New Kingdom • When Ahmose drove the Hyksos out of Egypt- the New Kingdom began around 1550 B.C. • During this time Egypt grew in wealth and cities grew larger • Egyptian empire develops during this period- Egyptian control spreads into Syria and Palestine

9. New Kingdom • Hatshepsut- • Woman Pharaoh of Egypt • She built temples and established trade along the eastern coast of Africa • Traded for objects such as ebony, monkeys, hunting dogs, leopard skins, incense

10. New Kingdom • Worship of New Gods- • Capital city of Thebes- city that worshiped Amon • Egyptians combined Amon with Ra and a new god was formed Amon-Ra- most powerful god of all • Temples were more than houses of worship- industrial centers, and schools

11. New Kingdom • Scribes wrote religious spells, charms, and prayers • Several kinds of writing- most prominent was Hieroglyphics (pictures stand for words or sounds)

12. New Kingdom • The priests of Amon-Ra gained power and wealth, owned 1/3 of Egypt’s land and had a role in the government • The pharaoh's power began to decline • Akhenaton closed temples of Amon-Ra and set up a new religion of worship of 1 god Aten (the sun disc) • This religion was not widely accepted by all Egyptians

13. New Kingdom • Tutankhamen (Tut) became pharaoh and reestablished the old religion. • He was pharaoh for 9 years until he died mysteriously

14. New Kingdom • Egypt lost power because of the struggle between the priests and the pharaohs • Egypt was unable to keep neighboring countries under their control • Money was spent on war • Other countries were using iron for weapons and Egypt had no iron ore resources so they had to spend money to make these weapons

15. New Kingdom • By 1150 B.C. Egypt’s empire is gone • Egypt was taken over by the Assyrians in 671 B.C.