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What makes a plant a plant? Cell wall primarily of cellulose Starch as primary photosynthetic storage product Multicellular with complex specialized tissue development Chl a, Chl b, xanthophylls, carotenoids. Domain Eukarya Kingdom Plantae.
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What makes a plant a plant? Cell wall primarily of cellulose Starch as primary photosynthetic storage product Multicellular with complex specialized tissue development Chl a, Chl b, xanthophylls, carotenoids Domain Eukarya Kingdom Plantae
Radiates from simple to more complex – in both form and environments Seedless non-vascular Seedless vascular Seed producing, vascular Seed producing, vascular, fruits/flowers Plant evolution simplified
Semi-aquatic to more terrestrial • Ancestral “plants” transitions to primitive plants • Requirements met from aquatic environment • Gas, water, light, buoyancy support • Complex plants • Adapt to two environments • Shoot system • Root system
Plants: categorized by structures and lifecycles…Alternation of Generations
Moss sporophytes and gametophytes sporophytes gametophytes
Moss antheridia Sperm
Moss archegonia ovum
Moss capsule (sporophyte) Operculum Spores
Liverwort antheridia Antheridiophore sperm
Liverwort archegonia w/ova Archegoniophore ovum Archegonium
Liverwort sporophyte Archegoniophore
Liverwort sporophyte 2 spores
Gemmae cups (cupules) Gemma cup (cupule) gemma
Hornwort sporophytes gametophyte
Hornwort 2 “Horn –like” Sporophyte gametophyte
Tracheophytes ancestral e.g. Rhyniophyta • Ferns and “fern allies” • Seedless • Vascular plants • Xylem composed of Tracheids – tapered porous cells • capillary action moderately efficient • Sporophyte dominant
Lycophyta strobila leaves
Lycophyta strobilus microspores sporophylls megaspores
Lycophyta strobilus 2 Megaspores megsporangium Microspores
Sphenophyta strobilus
Fern sporangia Spores Sporangium Annulus
Gametophyte w/antheridia Gametophyte (prothallus) Antheridia sperm
Antheridia w/sperm Antheridium sperm
Gametophyte w/archegonia Archegonia
Gametophyte w/archegonia 2 Archegonia
Fern sporangium and prothallus Sporophyte Gametophyte (prothallus)