Name of Presenter: Julius R. Atlhopheng E-mail address: atlhophe@mopipi.ub.bw

1. Workshop on the Economics of Land Degradation (ELD) • Sustainable Land Management in Kgalagadi Rangelands • 08thJuly, 2014 Add photo Landscape Analysis and Climate change – Kgalagadi South Name of Presenter: Julius R. Atlhopheng E-mail address: atlhophe@mopipi.ub.bw

2. Presentation Outline • Introduction, findings, conclusions

3. Landscape Values • Landscapes at core of human livelihoods, shelter and sense of identity. • Economic – socio-cultural base e.g. Tourism, businesses etc. • Environmental systems - relate to sustainable landscapes. • Landscape Analysis • Positive vs. negative landscapes. • Ecological footprint i.e. productivity vs. demands made on landscapes. • Sustainability assessments e.g. inventories, SLM, GIA, P-GIS, RS, WAVES etc.

4. Objectives/Structure • Landform types – what landforms characterise Kgalagadi study sites? • Land uses – what are the dominant land uses? • Condition of the landscape – productive or degraded? • What benefits are derived from landscape; and costs? • What solutions are being implemented – to live with the marginal environment? • Policy implications?

6. Findings • Khawa • Bokspits • Struizendam • Bits of Gakhibane

7. Land use

8. Landforms • Mainly dominated by sand dunes • Followed by pans • River and pits, followed.

9. Landforms

12. Degraded or productive landforms?

13. Landscape productivity

14. How degraded?

16. Sand dunes – where kids go play!

17. Benefits and costs

18. Ecosystem Benefits

19. Benefits – timber, medicinal

20. Access to markets • Most find access to markets to be DIFFICULT. • Economic benefits per land use are as follows, from high to low: communal area; park, grazing and ‘I don’t know’ are equal. • Not many are selling products (veldt, skins/hides), most indicated quantities as ‘less’ to ‘not applicable’. They indicate conservation measures e.g. skins/hides traditionally from wildlife hunting now limited.

24. Major events, changes over 15yrs

27. Climate Change perceptions

28. Sector analysis for droughts

32. Policy Implications

33. CONCLUSIONS • Sustainability assessments? - what national goals and targets exist, informed by which objectives? E.g. Vision 2016 on ‘towards prosperity for all’, along MDGs/SDGs. • What remedial measures can be made for unsustainable practices/policies e.g. through EIA/SEA embedded in NSSD and the NAP (of UNCCD). • Databases and performance statistics on sustainability information and its dissemination, as well as for monitoring and evaluation. • Agenda 21 escaped, but the Future We Want, Adaptation, Mitigation through enhancing of co-benefits is crucial. Thematic Working Groups in NDP11 = right path.

34. Sustainability sectors • The scope of the ELD using SLM, has considered the followingsustainability sectors: • Rangelands • Water • Food; agriculture • Social equity and Health • Wildlife • Veldt products • Economics in the context of ecological footprint. • Energy, waste, gender, public education & community SDGs could be looked into, for future. • 􀂄

35. Health/gender equity • Health is a precondition for, an outcome of, and an indicator of all three dimensions of sustainable development. • Action on the social and environmental determinants of health, both for the poor and the vulnerable and the entire population, is important to create inclusive, equitable, economically productive and healthy societies. • Women’s vital role and full and equal participation and leadership in all areas of sustainable development

37. Landscape Analysis – natural capital • A finite resource, land is not expanding over time, not at pace with human demands. • Need to use the land without using it up [World Bank on sustainable land use]. • Use both scientific and traditional knowledge for holistic analysis e.g. UNFCCC Adaptation framework (Cancun); NAPs under UNCCD 10yr strategy, UNCBD, V2016. • Despite methodological advances, limitations exist e.g. UN SEEA, World Bank are still weak on non-market ecosystem service values and ecosystem health measurements. • Biomass flows into and within the economy are captured in the Material Flow Accounts (MFAs) e.g. biodiversity, desertification, c-sequestration. • Land cover accounts – original cover vs. new cover.