Presentation 30 – PC Architecture

1. Presentation 30 – PC Architecture

2. Objectives At the end of this presentation, you will be able to:

3. Draw a simple diagram of a Pentium D or Core 2 based PC’s architecture. • Explain the difference between the purpose of the north bridge and the south bridge. • List some of the major functions supported by the Pentium D and Core 2 MPUs. • Define front side bus (FSB), I/O Controller Hub (ICH), and Graphics Memory Controller Hub (GMCH).

4. CPU (1GHz) 1GHz Cache Pentium III CPU Bus North Bridge AGP Video 100/133MHz 66MHz DRAM 33MHz PCI BUS PCI Bus Slots Super I/O Controller South Bridge ISA Bus Slots Keyboard IDE1 IDE2 Floppy Mouse

5. CPU (1GHz) 1GHz Cache Pentium III CPU Bus

6. CPU (1GHz) 1GHz Cache Pentium III CPU Bus North Bridge AGP Video 66MHz 100/133MHz DRAM

7. CPU (1GHz) 1GHz Cache Pentium III CPU Bus North Bridge AGP Video 66MHz 100/133MHz DRAM PCI Bus Slots 33 MHz PCI BUS

8. CPU (1GHz) 1GHz Cache Pentium III CPU Bus North Bridge AGP Video 66MHz 100/133MHz DRAM PCI Bus Slots 33MHz PCI BUS Super I/O Controller Keyboard Floppy Mouse

9. CPU (1GHz) 1GHz Cache Pentium III CPU Bus North Bridge AGP Video 66MHz 100/133MHz DRAM PCI Bus Slots 33MHz PCI BUS Super I/O Controller South Bridge Keyboard IDE1 IDE2 Floppy Mouse

10. CPU (1GHz) 1GHz Cache Pentium III CPU Bus North Bridge AGP Video 66MHz 100/133MHz DRAM PCI Bus Slots 33MHz PCI BUS Super I/O Controller South Bridge ISA Bus Slots 8MHz Keyboard IDE1 IDE2 Floppy Mouse

11. Hierarchical Bus Structure CPU Host Bus AGP Bus North Bridge AGP Connector System Memory PCI Bus ISA Slot South Bridge PCI Slots ISA Bus

12. Hierarchical Bus Structure (Server) CPU CPU Host Bus AGP Bus North Bridge AGP Connector System Memory PCI Busses ISA Slot South Bridge PCI Slots ISA Bus

13. Why Multiple Processors? • Thermal dissipation problems led to a performance stagnation problem. • Because clock speed increases could not continue at its prior pace, other methods of improving performance had to be found. • The idea of multiple processor was borrowed form the server world.

14. Two Approaches to Multiple Processors • Servers used two (or more) MPU packages. • The multi-core processors used in PCs place two or processors (called cores) in a single package.

15. Inside the Pentium D or Core 2 Duo 1 MB Cache 1 MB Cache Execution Core Execution Core System Bus Interface System Bus Interface

16. CPU (3 GHz) Pentium D Or Core 2 Front side bus 800MHz or1066MHz

17. CPU (3 GHz) 1066 MHz System Bus Graphics Graphics Memory Controller Hub (GMCH) Memory 667 MHz

18. PCI Express X 16 Expansion Slot Media Expansion Intel GMA 950 Graphics CPU (3 GHz) 1066 MHz System Bus Graphics Memory Controller Hub (GMCH)

19. CPU (3 GHz) Dual Channel DDR2-667 Memory 1066 MHz System Bus Graphics Memory Controller Hub (GMCH) DDR2 SRAM DDR2 SRAM 667 MHz

20. CPU (3 GHz) 1066 MHz System Bus Graphics Memory Controller Hub (GMCH) I/O Controller Hub (ICH)

21. Intel High Definition 7.1 Audio 8 High Speed USB Ports 6 PCI Slots 6 PCI Express X 1 Gigabit LAN CPU (3 GHz) Graphics Memory Controller Hub (GMCH) I/O Controller Hub (ICH)

22. CPU (3 GHz) Flash BIOS 1 ATA/IDE Port 4 Serial ATA Ports Graphics Memory Controller Hub (GMCH) 6 PCI Express X 1 RAID I/O Controller Hub (ICH)

23. Flash BIOS High Definition Audio PCI Express X 16 1 ATA/IDE Port 8 USB Ports Media Expansion 4 Serial ATA Ports 6 PCI Slots Intel GMA 950 Graphics 6 PCI Express X 1 6 PCI Express X 1 RAID Gigabit LAN CPU DDR2 SRAM GMCH DDR2 SRAM ICH

24. End