Department of Social Development nodal baseline survey: Thabo Mofutsanyane results*

1. Department of Social Development nodal baseline survey: Thabo Mofutsanyane results* * The baseline survey sampled Thabo Mofutsanyane (the DM) in line with the first StatsSA baseline, which did the same, to allow comparability of results. In this presentation, most results are at DM level; where possible we provide data for Maluti-a-Phofung as well.

2. Objectives of overall project • Conduct socio-economic and demographic baseline study and situational analyses of DSD services across the 14 ISRDP and 8 URP Nodes • Integrate existing provincial research activities in the 10 ISRDP nodes of the UNFPA’s 2nd Country Programme • Monitor and evaluate local projects, provide SLA support • Identify and describe types of services being delivered (including Sexual Reproductive Health Services) • Establish the challenges encountered in terms of delivery & make recommendations regarding service delivery gaps and ultimately overall improvement in service delivery • Provide an overall assessment of impact of these services • Project began with baseline & situational analysis; then on-going nodal support; and will end in 2008 with second qualitative evaluation and a second survey, a measurement survey that looks for change over time.

3. Methodology for generating these results • First-ever integrated nodal baseline survey in all nodes, urban and rural • All results presented here based on original, primary data • Sample based on census 2001; stratified by municipality in ISRDP and wards in URP; then probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling used in both urban and rural, randomness via selection of starting point and respondent; external back-checks to ensure fieldwork quality • 8387 interviews completed in 22 nodes • Sample error margin: 1.1% - nodal error margin: 4.9% • This presentation is only Thabo Mofutsanyane (and some Maluti) data: national report & results are available from DSD.

4. How to read these findings • Baseline survey on 5 major areas of DSD/government work: • Poverty • Development • Social Capital • Health Status • Service Delivery • Indices created to track strengths and challenges in each area; and combined to create a global nodal index. Allows comparison within and across node, overall and by sector. • Using this index, high index score = bad news • Nodes colour-coded on basis of ranking relative to other nodes • Red: Really bad compared to others • Yellow: OK • Green: Better than others

5. Findings • Detailed baseline report available • Published November 2006 • Detailed findings across all nodes • Statistical tables available for all nodes • Background chapter of secondary data available for each node • Qualitative situation analysis available per node • This presentation • High level Thabo Mofutsanyane-specific findings • Thabo Mofutsanyane scorecard on key indicators • Identify key strengths/weakness for the node and target areas for interventions • What next? • 2008 will see qualitative evaluation and second quantitative survey to measure change over time

6. Thabo Mofutsanyane Scorecard Compared with other nodes, Thabo Mofutsanyane has a range of scores - warning lights are flashing for social capital and service delivery; poverty is less severe than the ISRDP average; while development awareness and health get an average score, as does the overall global rating. Social capital and service delivery are priority issues for this node, when compared with others in the ISRDP.

7. Poverty index The poverty deficit index is based on 10 indicators (see table below), given equal weighting. Thabo Mofutsanyane has the second lowest level of poverty of the 14 ISRDP nodes.

8. Poverty deficit Priority Lack of regular income is far more common in this node than other ISRDP nodes. Thabo Mofutsanyane is less poor than most ISRDP nodes, indicated by the green bars - these indicate areas where the node is performing better than other ISRDP nodes

9. Poverty: comparing Thabo Mofutsanyane with Maluti-a-Phofung The graph contrasts the DM with the actual node, Maluti-a-Phofung (the dark blue bars). Note that on virtually every indicator, the node scores worse than the DM, pointing to higher levels of poverty in Maluti than in the DM more generally.

10. Poverty analysis • Relative to other ISRDP nodes, poverty levels are low in Thabo Mofutsanyane, with only Central Karoo enjoying lower poverty levels. • 1 in 20 (5%) respondents reported no regular income (compared with an ISRDP average of 2%), higher at 7% in Maluti-a-Phofung itself. • This does not mean poverty is not a problem: • the rate of unemployment was 73%, • 69% lacked RDP sanitation, • 60% did not have their refuse removed, and • 30% of respondents were functionally illiterate.

11. Social capital deficit • This graph measures the social capital deficit - so high scores are bad news. • Social capital includes networks of reciprocation, trust, alienation and anomie, membership of civil society organisations, and so on. • Thabo Mofutsanyane has the fourth worst score on the social capital index, suggesting that building a sense of community and local trust are important. • Nearly half (48%) of Maluti respondents (and 50% of DM respondents) did not belong to any CSO, which will impact on partnerships, outreach, and so on.

12. Social capital deficit Read as: respondents in Thabo Mofutsanyane were 27% more likely than the ISRDP average to believe they need to be careful dealing with people; 29% more likely to believe their community couldn’t solve its own problems; and so on. On the positive side, in green, anomie was down, CSO membership better than average and so on.

13. Development deficit • This index measures respondents’ awareness of development projects, of all types, carried out by government and/or CSOs. It is a perception measure - not an objective indication of what is actually happening on the ground. • Thabo Mofutsanyane rates 7th of the 14 ISRDP nodes, suggesting that development activities are happening on the ground and that people are aware of them. This is despite poor social capital seen earlier.

14. Development deficit Low awareness of various development activities, and of provision by civil society. Higher than average awareness of school building (42% above average) and others, as well as provision by government

15. Service delivery deficit Thabo Mofutsanyane has the third worst rating on service delivery amongst the 14 ISRDP nodes

16. Service delivery – weaknesses Weaknessesinclude most aspects of DSD service delivery in the DM, e.g. cleanliness of offices were rated 42% worse than the average for ISRDP nodes, staff knowledge was rated as 38% worse than the ISRDP average and so on.

17. Service delivery – strengths Strengths: Respondents are less likely to complain about access to/ quality of aspects of basic service delivery in the DM when compared with the ISRDP average. For instance, respondents are 42% less likely to identify the quality of health care as a problem than the ISRDP average.

18. Service delivery: main features • Other important services provided by DSD such as Children Homes, Rehabilitation Centres and Drop-In Centres worryingly received no mention by respondents and signals very low awareness of these critical services. • Urgent thought should be given as to how best to raise awareness across the node with respect to these under utilised services - and how to increase penetration of DSD services as well as grants in the node.

19. Thabo Mofutsanyane is rated 5th worst in respect of health measures, with more than half of all respondents (57%) perceiving their health status as poor. Health deficit

20. Health deficit Priority areas were generally poor health - 62% higher than the ISRDP average - and its impact on social activities. Positives were lower than average incidence of malaria and less access problems than the ISRDP average.

21. Health • Alcohol Abuse was reported as the major health problem in Maluti-a-Phofung, by a a third of respondents (32%, higher than the average of 28% across all nodes) • HIV and AIDS was also reported as a major health problem in node (29% reported this, slightly lower than the average of 30% across all nodes), as was TB (29% cited this in the node vs. ISRDP average of 16%) • Men were as likely as women to rate their health as poor • Youth were as likely as older adults to rate their health as poor • Access to services also impacts the health of those in the node, but only roughly a third cited specific issues: • 35% of respondents reported distance to health facility as being a problem • 39% of respondents reported paying for health services as being a problem • These findings highlight the key health issues facing those in the node and point to the need for an integrated approach that focuses on the issues of HIV and AIDS, TB and alcohol abuse • A sectoral or targeted approach is need to focus on these disease related issues in this node • Poverty and the health challenge of HIV and AIDS and cannot be separated and whatever intervention is decided upon should be in the form of an integrated response to the challenges facing Maluti-a-Phofung residents

22. Proportion who agree that both parties in a relationship should share decision - making Read as: Majority in the node support the view that most decisions in the household require joint decision-making by both partners

23. Proportion supporting statements about female contraception Read as: Node is conservative, with some myths about contraception widely held.

24. Proportion who agreed that a man is justified in hitting or beating his partner in the following situations Read as: Support for violence against women in all situations is much higher in this node than the ISRDP average and points to very negative attitudes towards Gender Based Violence in the node. Disturbing to note that the differences between males and females, and young and old, in terms of attitudes towards Gender Based Violence are not large - these negative attitudes have been absorbed by men and women, young and old, and interventions are needed to break this cycle

25. Attitudes towards abortion Read as: Abortion is NOT supported by four out of ten respondents (42%) the same as the ISRDP average (42%)

26. Sexual Reproductive Health & GBV • Findings point to the need for nuanced campaigns around contraception and their very close link with inappropriate attitudes to women in the node • Disturbing to note the high levels of support for Gender Based Violence, coupled to very limited support for abortions and widespread belief in certain myths about contraception. Hence the need for a campaign that is based on a solid understanding of local attitudes towards both sexual reproductive health and GBV as opposed to the interests of a national campaign • In theory, at least, majority support the idea that many decisions in the household require joint decision-making by both partners • But many across the node not only do not support joint decision-making but go further and endorse physically abusing women • Need to develop an integrated approach that takes poverty and the health challenges facing nodal residents into account and also integrate critical aspects of GBV and Sexual Reproductive Health • Challenge is to integrate Sexual Reproductive Health and GBV issues with other related services being provided by a range of governmental and non-governmental agencies - integration and co-ordination remain the core challenges in the ISRDP and URP nodes.

27. HIV & AIDS: Awareness levels Read as: Prevalence rates are high and secrecy is relatively low

28. HIV & AIDS: Proportion who accept the following statements Read as: High awareness of how HIV is transmitted, except half (59%) gave incorrect answer re mosquitoes

29. HIV and AIDS • Evidence suggests that previous campaigns (and the high incidence of the pandemic in the node) have led to high awareness of impact of HIV and AIDS. • Encouraging to see how many in the node have correct knowledge about the transmission of the disease (the node is slightly better than most of the average scores for the ISRDP), except in the case of mosquitoes. This is however, not a surprising response in an area which is NOT affected by mosquito-borne diseases such as Malaria • Despite high levels of awareness of AIDS sufferers in their communities few respondents can actively assist • Less than 5% in the node reported on providing support to orphans or providing Home Based Care • Despite high incidence of HIV across Maluti-a-Phofung, levels of poverty are so crippling few can do much to assist those who are infected and suffering • These findings support the need for an urgent integrated intervention in the node that incorporates health, poverty, GBV, HIV and AIDS

30. Thabo Mofutsanyane has an “average” K Global Development Rating. Key challenges and strengths emerging from the statistical analysis are set out below: Conclusion