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US Entry into World War II: Road to Intervention - 1936 to 1941

Explore the reasons behind the US entry into World War II, including the rise of totalitarianism in Italy, Germany, and Japan, and the common traits of future Axis powers. Learn about the US foreign policy of condemning dictators while maintaining neutrality, the appeasement of aggressor nations, and the events that eventually led to America's formal entry into the war.

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US Entry into World War II: Road to Intervention - 1936 to 1941

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  1. Why Does the US Enter World War II? Road to US Entry - 1936 to 1941

  2. Rise of Totalitarianism in the 1930’s Italy (Mussolini), Germany (Hitler) & Japan (Tojo) Common Traits of future Axis Powers : * Rallies support of people with appeals to extreme nationalism * Authoritarian rule eliminates domestic opposition * Expansionist foreign policy justified by claims of racial supremacy 1930’s US Foreign Policy: Condemn dictators, but maintain neutrality & isolationism - Avoid “collective security” actions

  3. Japan expands in Asia during the 1930’s and earlier – US & Europe “Appease”

  4. Mussolini threatens expansion in Balkans & East Africa League of Nations “Appeases”

  5. Hitler Expands German Territory Rhineland (1936); Sudetenland (1937) Austria (1938); Poland (1939) France, England & USSR “Appease”

  6. FDR Attempts Unsuccessfully to Sway American Public Ex: “Quarantine” Speech – Oct. 1937

  7. Congress Reacts Ex: Nye Committee & Neutrality Acts

  8. Differing US opinions on isolationism in late 30’s

  9. WWII Begins: 9/1/39 – US Remains Neutral

  10. Churchill Secretly Reaches Out to FDR For Aid

  11. America First Committee Campaigns Against US Involvement in Foreign Affairs and a 3rd Term for FDR in 1940 - (Pro & Con Views)

  12. FDR elected to a 3rd Term Foreign Policy Key Issue

  13. In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression--everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way--everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want--which, translated into universal terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants--everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from fear--which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor--anywhere in the world. That is no vision of a distant millennium. It is a definite basis for a kind of world attainable in our own time and generation. That kind of world is the very antithesis of the so-called new order of tyranny which the dictators seek to create with the crash of a bomb. FDR’s Inaugural “Four Freedom’s” Speech January – 1941

  14. FDR Uses Political Maneuvering to undo Neutrality Acts - Cash & Carry (’37) replaced by Lend-Lease Act ( Spring ’41)

  15. FDR agrees to “Atlantic Charter” August – 1941 – Triumph of Internationalism The Atlantic Charter was an agreement between Roosevelt and Churchill, which set goals for the postwar world – but was not a formal military alliance. It states that US & UK (and any nation that signs the agreement) will seek no territorial gain from any war & that war was only justified to safeguard "the rights of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live", and the signers of the charter (US & UK) agree to promote "a permanent system of general security“… later called the United Nations

  16. Tensions with Germany - Sept/Oct 1941 USS Greer, USS Kearney & USS Reuben James All come under German Attack while escorting Lend-Lease Convoys to UK – War with Germany seems imminent

  17. Meanwhile…US places embargo on oil and scrap metal to Japan in mid 1941 Japanese Response = Surprise Attack on US Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7th, 1941) US Formally Enters World War II next day…

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