1 / 30

The Fascinating World of Cellular Biology: A Comprehensive Overview

Unlock the secrets of cellular biology with this detailed guide! Explore the two cell types, crucial organelles, the cell theory, nucleus functions, ER types, Golgi body, mitochondria's role as the cell's powerhouse, and much more.

dmccorkle
Download Presentation

The Fascinating World of Cellular Biology: A Comprehensive Overview

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cellular Biology

  2. Cellular Biology 2018

  3. There are two basic types of cells…..PROKARYOTIC –Cells without a true nucleus.EUKARYOTIC – Cells with a true nucleus.* A true nucleus contains a nuclear membrane

  4. Cellular Organelles • Small structures within a cell that each perform specific functions. • These are analogous to organs in multi-cellular organisms.

  5. Common Organelles • Nucleus • Nucleolus • Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough, Smooth) • Golgi Body (apparatus) • Lysosomes • Mitochondria • Ribosomes • Vacuoles / Vesicles

  6. The Cell TheoryRudolph Virchow • There are three parts to the cell theory: • All organisms are made of cells. • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms. • All cells come from pre-existing cells. • Contributions by Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schwann, and Schleiden The wacky history of cell theory - Lauren Royal-Woods

  7. Nucleus • Control center of the cell: the “brain” • Contains chromosomes (hereditary information) • Chromosomes are made of DNA and protein • The nucleus contains the nucleolus • Pores in the nuclear membrane allow material to pass between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

  8. Nucleolus • Found inside the nucleus • Ribosome subunits are made here Nucleolus

  9. Endoplasmic Reticulum • There are two types: Rough ER and Smooth ER • The Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it. This allows the Rough ER to modify and package proteins that are going to be exiting the cell. • The smooth ER does not have ribosomes attached to it. It modifies and packages lipids. • Attached to the nuclear membrane

  10. Golgi Body (apparatus) • The post office of the cell. • Functions for packaging and sending organic material (proteins)out of the cell. • Stacked, flattened sacs

  11. Lysosomes • The digestive center of the cell • Contain powerful enzymes that destroy foreign material and worn out cell parts • Store and package chemicals that could harm the cell if free in the cytoplasm. Powerful Enzymes

  12. Mitochondria • “Power house” of the cell • Provides the cell with all the energy it needs for cellular functions • Makes ATP -the energy source for all cellular activity

  13. Ribosomes • Manufacture proteins • smallest organelle in the cell • Consist of two subunits • Are free floating or attached to the ER

  14. Vacuoles H2O • Liquid filled spaces • Can store food and wastes • Some contain water and dissolved minerals • Plants have one large vacuole and animals have many small vacuoles wastes food Dissolved minerals

  15. Cytoplasm • Material between the nucleus and the outer boundary of the cell. • Contains numerous organelles • It is in constant motion; this flow of cytoplasm is called cytoplasmic streaming • Collodial in structure

  16. Cell Membrane • Composed of phospholipid molecules • The outer boundary of the cell • Regulates what enters and leaves the cell • Allows water and dissolved substances to pass freely • Sometimes called the “security system” of the cell Hydrophilic heads Hydrophobic tails

  17. Cilia and Flagella • Hair-like structures that stick out from the surface of cells. • Function for movement

  18. Chloroplast - Found in plant cells and algae cells. • Contains chlorophyll – a photosynthetic pigment • The only organelle that contains three membranes

  19. Microtubules • Long, thin tubes that function for support • Help the cell maintain its shape • Help with movement of organelles and other material inside of the cell Microtubules

  20. Centrioles • Two cylindrical bodies; found in animal cells only • Located near the nucleus • Play a role in cell division • Located at 90 degree angles to each other

  21. Organelles unique to Plant Cells • Chloroplast: Food for plant cells is made here. Contain the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll. • Cell Wall: Shapes and supports a plant cell made of cellulose (polysaccharide) • Large Central Vacuole: Stores water: Responsible for turgor pressure. Nucleus Large Vacuole (turgor pressure) Cell wall

  22. Organelles unique to Animal Cells • Centrioles: Play a role in cell division

  23. Have a cellurific day! Created by: C. Walck/PAHS

More Related