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Sustainable Growth Strategies: Balancing Economy and Environment in the 21st Century

Explore the critical link between economic growth and environmental sustainability in the modern era. From analyzing global temperature trends to navigating the Environmental Kuznets Curve, this comprehensive guide delves into the complexities of achieving a harmonious balance between growth and environmental preservation. Find insights on carbon emissions, consumption possibilities, and demographic challenges, while envisioning a future where prosperity coexists with ecological responsibility. Discover ways to manage economic activities sustainably for a better tomorrow.

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Sustainable Growth Strategies: Balancing Economy and Environment in the 21st Century

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  1. Chapter Eighteen: Growth and Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century

  2. Climate Change

  3. Figure 18.1: Global Temperature Trends, 1900-2100 Source: U.S. Global Change Research Program, www.globalchange.gov .

  4. Economic Growth and the Environment

  5. Figure 18.2: Environmental Kuznets Curve for Sulfur Dioxide Emissions Sulfur dioxide emissions per capita (kg) GNP per capita Source: T. Panayotou, “Empirical Tests and Policy Analysis of Environmental Degradation at Different Levels of Development,” International Labour Office Working Paper, 1993.

  6. Figure 18.3: Carbon Dioxide Emissions vs GDP per Capita, 2009 Brunei United Arab Emirates Bahrain United States Saudi Arabia Kazakhstan Norway China Switzerland Sweden India Gabon Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Database 2013.

  7. Figure 18.4: Environmentally Based Taxes as a Share of Total Tax Revenue, Select Industrialized Countries Percent of total tax revenue Source: OECD, OECD/EEA Instruments Database 2007

  8. Table 18.1: Global Population Classification by Income and Environmental Impacts, 2013 Source: World Bank, Little Green Data Book 2013; World Development Indicators 2013.

  9. Figure 18.5: A Consumption Possibilities Frontier Europe Leisure United States Income, Consumption

  10. Are Stabilization and Sustainability in Conflict?

  11. Figure 18.6: Growth Reaching a Steady-State Resource-using Economic Activities Steady State Time

  12. Figure 18.7: A No-Growth Scenario for the Canadian Economy 200 GDP/Capita 150 Index (2005=100) 100 GHG Unemployment 50 Poverty Debt to GDP 0 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Year Source: Adapted from Peter Victor, Managing Without Growth: Slower by Deisgn, not Disaster. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2008, p. 182.

  13. Appendix: Demographic Challenges

  14. Table 18.2: Stages of Demographic Transition

  15. Figure 18.8: Population by Age and Sex, United States, 1900, 2000, and 2040 (projected) (a) 1900 (b) 2000 Source: Wan Wan He, Manisha Sengupta, Victoria A. Velkoff, and Kimberly A. DeBarros, U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P23–209, “65+ in the United States: 2005”, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2005. (c) 2040, projected

  16. Figure 18.9: Old-Age Dependency Ratios, 1950-2050 Italy United States China Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision, Population Database. Figure based on mediumvariant projections.

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