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ECLAC/IDE-JETRO UNDP Thematic Trust Fund Information and Communication Technology for Development

This project provides a regional summary of the IT industry in Latin America, covering topics such as equipment, e-commerce, IT market, digital divide, IT policies, and more. It examines the use of the internet, drivers and barriers to e-commerce adoption, and the origins and causes of the digital divide. The report also highlights IT policies in Mexico, focusing on promoting exports, investment attraction, education, and developing the domestic market.

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ECLAC/IDE-JETRO UNDP Thematic Trust Fund Information and Communication Technology for Development

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  1. ECLAC/IDE-JETRO UNDP Thematic Trust Fund Information and Communication Technology for Development PROJECT: Comparative Study on East Asian and Latin American IT Industries Regional Summary: Latin America Rodrigo Cárcamo O. November 2004-Chile

  2. CONTENT • EQUIPMENT • E-COMMERCE • IT MARKET • DIGITAL DIVIDE • IT POLICIES • POINTS TO EMPHASIZE

  3. EQUIPMENT SOURCE: INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION. ITU

  4. EQUIPMENT SOURCE: INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION. ITU

  5. EQUIPMENT SOURCE: ITU

  6. EQUIPMENT SOURCE: ITU

  7. E-COMMERCE SOURCE: INFORMATION OF EACH COUNTRY. CONSULTANTS

  8. E-COMMERCE SOURCE: INFORMATION OF EACH COUNTRY. CONSULTANTS

  9. IT MARKET SOURCE: INFORMATION OF EACH COUNTRY. CONSULTANTS

  10. IT MARKET SOURCE: INFORMATION OF EACH COUNTRY. CONSULTANTS

  11. IT MARKET SOURCE: INFORMATION OF EACH COUNTRY. CONSULTANTS

  12. USES OF THE INTERNET. 2003 DATA MINING E-MAIL CONTACTS WITH BANKS GOVERNMENT PROCEEDURES TAXES CONTRIBUTION SOCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS ADVERTISING AND MARKETING PURPOSES MAKING SALES AND PURCHASES ON LINE EXCHANGING OPERATIONAL DATA WITH SUPPLIERS AFTER SALES CUSTOMER SERVICE AND SUPPORT SOURCE: INFORMATION OF EACH COUNTRY. CONSULTANTS

  13. DRIVERS TO INTERNET USE • TO IMPROVE COORDINATION WITH CUSTOMERS AND SUPPLIERS • TO REDUCE COSTS • TO EXPAND MARKET FOR EXISTING PRODUCT OR SERVICES • TO ENTER NEW BUSINESS OR MARKETS • CUSTOMERS DEMANDED IT • REQUIRED FOR GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT • MAJOR COMPETITORS WERE ONLINE • SUPPLIERS REQUIERED IT SOURCE: INFORMATION OF EACH COUNTRY. CONSULTANTS

  14. BARRIERS and OBSTACLES To E-COMMERCE ADOPTION • Concern about privacy of data or security issues • Customers do not use the technology • Inadequate legal protection for internet purchases • Finding staff with e-commerce expertise • Costs of implementing an e-commerce site • Making needed organizational changes • Need for face to face customer interaction • Business laws do not support e-commerce Source: CRITO Global E-Commerce Survey, 2002

  15. DIGITAL DIVIDE Technological gap between individuals, families, firms and geographical areas in access opportunities to information and communication technologies and internet use. International Digital Divide. Users of Internet (%) OECD Countries 80 Rest of the World 20 SOURCE: LATIN AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF INTEGRATION

  16. DIGITAL DIVIDE Domestic Digital Divide Households with access to tha Internet in USA (%) Households with income over US$ 75.000: 77,7 Households with lower income 12,7 SOURCE: LATIN AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF INTEGRATION

  17. DIGITAL DIVIDE SOURCE: LATIN AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF INTEGRATION

  18. DIGITAL DIVIDE SOURCE: LATIN AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF INTEGRATION

  19. DIGITAL DIVIDE SOURCE: LATIN AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF INTEGRATION

  20. DIGITAL DIVIDE SOURCE: LATIN AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF INTEGRATION

  21. DIGITAL DIVIDE SOURCE: LATIN AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF INTEGRATION

  22. DIGITAL DIVIDE SOURCE: LATIN AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF INTEGRATION

  23. DIGITAL DIVIDE ORIGINS of the DIGITAL DIVIDE 1.- LACK of INFRASTRUCTURE. (Fixed Phone Lines) Size and distribution of Population 2.- GDP percapita and its DISTRIBUTION SOURCE: LATIN AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF INTEGRATION

  24. DIGITAL DIVIDE CAUSES OF DIGITAL DIVIDE 3.- USERS by PC SOURCE: LATIN AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF INTEGRATION

  25. DIGITAL DIVIDE CAUSES of DIGITAL DIVIDE 4.- ACCESS COSTS SOURCE: LATIN AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF INTEGRATION

  26. DIGITAL DIVIDE CAUSES of DIGITAL DIVIDE 5.- REGULAR EDUCATION SOURCE: WORLD BANK

  27. DIGITAL DIVIDE CAUSES of DIGITAL DIVIDE 6.- R&D In the same year : EU: 236.729 and Japón plus Korea: 160.836 SOURCE: LATIN AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF INTEGRATION

  28. DIGITAL DIVIDE CAUSES of DIGITAL DIVIDE 7.- ATTITUD BY INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION DISTRUST-INSECURITY LACK of SUITABLE QUALIFICATION

  29. MSMEs % of TOTAL FIRMS : 90 to 99 % of GDP : 20 to 60 % of TOTAL EMPLOYMENT : 63 to76 % of EXPORTING FIRMS : 64 to 88.8 % of VALUE of the EXPORTS : 4 to 20 SOURCE: INFORMATION OF EACH COUNTRY. CONSULTANTS

  30. IN LATIN AMERICA • THE EXPORTS OF MOST OF THE COUNTRIES OF LATIN AMERICA ARE CONCENTRATED IN THE GREAT COMPANIES • THE EXPORTS OF MANUFACTURES ARE MADE BY GREAT COMPANIES WITH INTENSIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN CAPITAL • The SMEs ARE STILL PRODUCING OF SUBSTITUTES OF IMPORTS and NonTRADABLES

  31. MSMEs In L.A. % WITH INTERNET CONNECTION : 30 to 80 % WITH WEB SITE : 11 to 70 In Spain % WITH INTERNET CONNECTION : 90 % WITH WEB SITE : 51.2 SOURCE: INFORMATION OF EACH COUNTRY. CONSULTANTS

  32. IT POLICIES • MÉXICO. • PROSOFT in order to create the conditions to have an internationally competitive software industry. • Promote exports and investments attraction • Orientate exports promotion actions in niches with comparative advantage for the industry • Education and competent personal training software development • Develop the domestic market • Identify the IT adoption level in economic sectors SOURCE: MEXICO REPORT. CONSULTANT

  33. IT POLICIES • MEXICO • Develop the IT domestic market • Creation of information technologies category in the National Award of Technology • Promote the infrastructure construction and telecomunications • Allocate IT initiatives on the federative states and business groupings for positioned the country’s IT industry as world class player SOURCE: MEXICO REPORT. CONSULTANT

  34. IT POLICIES • CHILE.Digital Agenda. 2004-2006 • Proposes that Chile will be a digitally developed country, or be ranked to level OECD member states in 2010. • Includes 34 initiatives, which can be grouped into six action areas: • Acces • Education and Training • E-government • Computerization of firms • IT Industry • Legal-normative framwork SOURCE: CHILE REPORT. CONSULTANT

  35. IT POLICIES • COLOMBIA. Connectivity Agenda • Is the program of the Communications Ministry, in charge of impelling the use and massification of the ICT. • On-line Government • On-line Payments • On-line Government Nationwide • Integral System of Electronic Procurement • Government Intranet • Centralized System of Information Consultations • National University Network SOURCE: COLOMBIA REPORT. CONSULTANT

  36. IT POLICIES • EL SALVADOR. Computer Science National Committee. • In charge to propose and to elaborate Policy proposals regarding computer science in the country. • Six main axes: • Handling and administration of the information • Education and formation of human resources • Computer applications • Infrastructure, interconnection and nets of data • National computer industry • Positioning of the technology sector of information in the economic and social development of the country. SOURCE: EL SALVADOR REPORT. CONSULTANT

  37. POINTS TO EMPHASIZE • I.- ICT. • 1.- TO AMASS CONNECTIVITY And ACCESS. • Availability and costs of access. (Investment) • Operational costs (Maintenance) • Public policies in telecomunicaciones.Incremento investment in • fixed telephony. • Promotion to the development of new technologies of access • Policies of financing, specially for Pymes. The great companies are connected. The Pymes, little. • To increase public joining points to Internet. (Schools, Universities,Libraries, Unions, Centers of Social Concentration)

  38. POINTS TO EMPHASIZE • 1.- TO AMASS CONNECTIVITY And ACCESS • To stimulate the investment in ITC. • Implementation and use of ITC in Public Distributions • Tariff Excenciones tributary and tax exemptions • Incentives to the installation of accesses public in remote and depressed zones

  39. POINTS TO EMPHASIZE • 2.- EDUCATION AND TRAINNING • DIGITAL ALPHABETIZATION • Investment in human capital has high rates of return • Increase of accesses in Schools and Universities • To jeopardize industralists, unions, ONGs, mutuales, suppliers of local communications, telephone companies or of access to Internet. • Special programs of Trainning for Pymes • Special programs to learn use of services: payment of taxes, electronic vote, educational matriculations, cultural agendamiento, medical consultations, events, etc.

  40. POINTS TO EMPHASIZE 2.- EDUCATION And TRAINNING Programs of cooperation between Universities, Research centers,Companies and Establishments of Primary and Secondary Education.

  41. POINTS TO EMPHASIZE • 3.-GOVERNMENT ON-LINE • Digital development of central, regional and municipal government • Services online • Licitations, contracts and purchases of the State • Electronic proceedings

  42. POINTS TO EMPHASIZE • 4.- LEGISLATION • Creation of Normative Legal Marco that endorses and foments the development of the electronic commerce • E-Contract • Privacy • Procedural Aspects • Computer science Crime

  43. POINTS TO EMPHASIZE • 5.- DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDUSTRY ICT • Promotion of R&D in ICTs • Facilitación of the Foreign Investment • Development of the exporting process • Financing • Securing of Quality

  44. POINTS TO EMPHASIZE • 6.- DIGITALIZACIÓN DE EMPRESAS • Development of system of purchases of the State • Means development of payment for e-commerce • Electronic window of foreign trade • Masificación of the electronic invoice • Financing

  45. POINTS TO EMPHASIZE • 7.-. HARMONIZATION OF THE INFORMATION • Definitions of SME XSME • Definition of Indicators • Handling and centralization of data

  46. POINTS TO EMPHASIZE II.- POLICIES OF ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT GLOBALIZATION 1. Policy of Competitiveness: Promotion of Exports Productive Promotion ICT 2. Coordination between Organizations of Promotion 3. Coordination Organization of Promotion with private sector

  47. POINTS TO EMPHASIZE II.- POLICIES OF ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT 4. Highway towards the Export Promotion Financing ICTs R&D External markets

  48. POINTS TO EMPHASIZE SUCCESS IN THE INTERNATIONALIZATION FACTORS: NETWORKING. INTEGRATED IN DYNAMIC PRODUCTIVE And SOCIAL SYSTEM At LOCAL LEVEL (TO REACH SCALE ECONOMIES TO COMPETE WITH GE) QUALITY OF PRODUCTS, PROCESSES And HUMAN RESOURCES (NOT TO COMPETE SINGLE BY PRICE And FOR COMPETITION OF HIGH PROFILE FOR NICHES) KNOWLEDGE And COMPETITIONS TO STRUCTURE The LOCAL ECONOMY (TO GENERATE GOODS OF HIGH ADDED VALUE, QUALITY And INNOVATIVOS)

  49. POINTS TO EMPHASIZE II.- POLICIES OF ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT 5. Direct Exporters v/s Indirected Exporters SYSTEM OF COMPANIES FOR THE WORLD ENTAILMENT POLICIES SYSTEM OF COMPANIES FOR LOCAL MARKET • IT IMPLIES: • TO FORTIFY NETWORKS DE SUBCONTRATACIÓN • GREATER SPECIALIZATION And COMPLEMENTARINESS OF The SMEs • IN ORDER TO AVOID The DEVELOPMENT COUNTRY At TWO SPEEDS THAT The DIFFERENTIAL OF INCOME INCREASES, WEALTH And WELL-BEING

  50. POINTS TO EMPHASIZE II.- POLICIES OF ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT6. Horizontal Policies Sectorial Policies THE COMPETITIVENESS IS NOT SINGLE HORIZONTAL. IT IS IMPORTANT IN SECTORS And CLUSTERS

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