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Section III: Hinduism and Buddhism (Pages 61-64)

Section III: Hinduism and Buddhism (Pages 61-64). This section is about: How Hinduism became the dominant religion in India. The religion of Jainism (founded on the Hindu tradition of non-violence).

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Section III: Hinduism and Buddhism (Pages 61-64)

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  1. Section III: Hinduism and Buddhism(Pages 61-64) This section is about: • How Hinduism became the dominant religion in India. • The religion of Jainism (founded on the Hindu tradition of non-violence). • The religion of Buddhism and how it arose as an alternative to the formal religion of Buddhism. E

  2. On page 61: Compare and Contrast: we’ll do this at the end. • The Main Ideas… • And… In India: Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism are have some similarities, but some differences in beliefs and practices. H B J Meanings of all the above symbols E

  3. One of the most complex religions. Has no single “father” no “sacred text”. No identifiable beginning. No authority or organization. Came from the many cultures who settled in India. It’s a religion, a history, and a way of life. Hinduism 1 E

  4. Hinduism accepts many gods and goddesses… • …but are all part of one universal spirit – called Brahman. The most important: • Brahma: the creator of the universe • Vishnu: The preserver • Shiva: the destroyer • All of these are part of Brahman – who is everlasting and endless. • Brahman is the cause, source, and reason for all existence. E

  5. Reincarnation: you have a “spirit” that is re-born into another life form after you die. Karma: are the actions of your life – and determines where your spirit will be re-born. Dharma: is your religious and moral duties. And don’t forget the caste system (which is a big part of this): you can’t move your standing in this life, but your spirit can after you die. Ahimsa: non-violence to all living creatures – the absence of desire to harm any living thing (even yourself) Hindu Beliefs E

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  7. Jainism (another religion from India): • A religion that comes from ahimsa. • It’s a religion of non-violence. • This includes EVERY living thing – even insects and worms. • So that kind of limited their lives (can’t be a farmer). • Some people are still living parts of their lives based on Jainism. E

  8. The internal austerities are • Atonement of sinful acts • Practice politeness and humility - in spite of having comparatively more wealth, wisdom, social status, power, etc. • Service to others, especially monks, nuns, elders and the weaker souls without any expectations in return • Scriptural study, questioning and expanding the spiritual knowledge • Abandonment of passions – especially anger, ego, deceit and greed • Meditation • The external austerities are meant to discipline the sensual cravings. • Fasting • Eating less than one's normal diet • Abstention from tasty and stimulating food • Practicing humility and thankfulness – by seeking help and offering assistance without egoistic tendencies • Practicing solitude and introspection • Mastering demands of the body E

  9. The Rise of Buddhism • Began about 500 B.C. (a time of great social change and religious activity). • Many people wanted a simpler way of life than Hinduism and all their rituals. E

  10. Buddhism accepted some (by not all Hindu ideas). • Karma and Reincarnation were kept. • The caste system was rejected by Buddhists – they said all people had great potential. • Buddhism is “founded” by Siddhartha Gautama (known as: the Buddha – which means “awakened one” or “enlightened one”) E

  11. Buddhist tradition… • Says the Buddha lived many lives before his birth as Siddhartha Gautama. • Before he was born, his mother had a dream about a white elephant descending from heaven. • Brahman priests told her it meant her son would wither be a ruler or a wandering holy man. E

  12. So his father raised him well – and hoped he would be happy living a rich life at home. • But, when he was 29, Siddhartha left home to see how others lived. • He saw a very old man, a sick man, and a dead man. He was so unhappy that others were suffering that he decided to leave home and go look for” the way of truth. • He wandered for 6 years – giving up all comforts and pleasures. • One day he decided he was going to sit under a tree until he understood the “mystery of life.” E

  13. All of a sudden, one day he figured it out – and became “the Buddha” • For the rest of his life he taught “the four noble truths” • All human existence is full of pain and suffering. • The cause of suffering is selfish desire. • The only freedom from suffering is to overcome desire. • The only way to overcome desire is to follow “the eightfold path” • and not worry about worldly cares any more 2-5 E

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  15. Stop here for now Finish the bottom of page "E" E

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