UNIT 2 Fun with Language

1. UNIT 2Fun with Language

2. PartA_1 Communicative Function Listening Strategy Useful Expressions Notes • Opening and Closing a Conversation • In everyday life, we often have to open and close a conversation. This exercise focuses on how people perform these communicative functions. • Listen to the recording and decide if the first sentence of each short dialogue you hear begins the opening or the closing of a conversation.

3. PartA_1 Communicative Function Listening Strategy Useful Expressions Notes • Example: -- Would you mind closing the window? • It's cold in here. • -- Of course not. • a. Opening b. Closing

4. PartA_1_p1 Communicative Function Listening Strategy Useful Expressions Notes • 1. • a. Opening • b. Closing

5. PartA_1_p2 Communicative Function Listening Strategy Useful Expressions Notes • 2. • a. Opening • b. Closing

6. PartA_1_p3 Communicative Function Listening Strategy Useful Expressions Notes • 3. • a. Opening • b. Closing

7. PartA_1_p4 Communicative Function Listening Strategy Useful Expressions Notes • 4. • a. Opening • b. Closing

8. PartA_1_p5 Communicative Function Listening Strategy Useful Expressions Notes • 5. • a. Opening • b. Closing

9. PartA_1_p6 Communicative Function Listening Strategy Useful Expressions Notes • 6. • a. Opening • b. Closing

10. PartA_1_p1_Script Communicative Function Listening Strategy Useful Expressions Notes • -- It’s been a really wonderful evening. Thank you very much for inviting us. • -- I’m glad you enjoyed it. • -- Maybe we could get together sometime at my home. • -- Sounds nice.

11. PartA_1_p2_Script Communicative Function Listening Strategy Useful Expressions Notes 2.-- Great party, isn’t it? -- Yeah, really. -- You look familiar to me. Have we met before? -- I’m afraid not.

12. PartA_1_p3_Script Communicative Function Listening Strategy Useful Expressions Notes 3. -- I’m afraid I have to go now. -- So soon? Well, I enjoyed our talk together. -- Me too.

13. PartA_1_p4_Script Communicative Function Listening Strategy Useful Expressions Notes 4. -- Excuse me, could you tell me the time? -- It’s half past five by my watch. -- Thank you very much. -- You’re welcome.

14. PartA_1_p5_Script Communicative Function Listening Strategy Useful Expressions Notes 5. -- Is this seat taken? -- Oh, let me move my stuff. -- Aren’t you Jack Brown? I’m Bill, Bill Stone. -- Oh, hello, Bill. Fancy meeting you here!

15. PartA_1_p6_Script Communicative Function Listening Strategy Useful Expressions Notes 6. -- Hi, Jack. So good to see you. -- Oh, hi, Andy. It’s been quite a while since we saw each other last. How’re things with you? -- Just fine. What’ve you been doing these years? -- Well, I’ve been studying for my Ph.D degree here at the university. -- That’s wonderful.

16. PartA_2 Useful Expressions Notes Listening Strategy Communicative Function • Distinguishing between Similar Sounds • It is important to distinguish between similar sounds while listening. Names like Jean and Jane, figures like 18 and 80 can sound quite alike. Titles like Mrs. and Miss can also be confusing. • Listen to the recording and choose the word you hear in each sentence.

17. PartA_2 Useful Expressions Notes Listening Strategy Communicative Function • 1. a. Miss b. Mrs. • 2. a. 1913 b. 1930 • 3. a. can b. can’t • 4. a. 20th b. 28th • 5. a. Mary b. married

18. PartA_2 Useful Expressions Notes Listening Strategy Communicative Function • 6. a. Black b. Blake • 7. a. is b. isn’t • 8. a. said b. sad • 9. a. bill b. beer • 10. a. Ann b. Anna

19. PartA_2_Script Useful Expressions Notes Listening Strategy Communicative Function • May I introduce Miss Jones to you? • John Davis was born in California in 1930. • I can’t agree with you more. • My birthday is on June 20th. • Paul, is your sister married?

20. PartA_2_Script Useful Expressions Notes Listening Strategy Communicative Function • Look, here comes Mr. Black, our sales manager. • Bob isn’t in the library right now. • Mr. Taylor is said to be leaving for South Africa soon. • Pass me the beer, please. • I was wondering if you could help Anna with her music lessons.

21. PartA_3 Useful Expressions Notes Communicative Function Listening Strategy • Useful Expressions for Opening and Closing a • Conversation • Opening a Conversation • 1. Beautiful day, isn’t it? • 2. Terrible weather, don’t you think so? • 3. Excuse me, is anybody sitting here / is this seat taken? • 4. I wonder if you can do me a favor. • 5. You look familiar to me, aren’t you …?

22. PartA_3 Useful Expressions Notes Communicative Function Listening Strategy • 6. Excuse me, haven’t we met somewhere before? • 7. Excuse me, have you got any stamps? • 8. Excuse me, could you tell me the time? • 9. Excuse me, is this the way to the library? • 10. Sorry, I couldn’t help overhearing － did you mention something about ...? • 11. Er, do you have a minute? I’m not quite sure what this word means.

23. PartA_3 Useful Expressions Notes Communicative Function Listening Strategy • Closing a Conversation • 1. It was nice talking to you / to see you again. • 2. It was great seeing you. • 3. See you again sometime / See you tomorrow. • 4. Have a good day / a nice weekend / trip. • 5. Thanks very much for inviting us to your wonderful party. • 6. I hope to see you again soon. Let’s have lunch together sometime.

24. PartA_3 Useful Expressions Notes Communicative Function Listening Strategy • 7. I’m afraid I have to get back to my office. I’m expecting a phone call. • 8. It’s been great seeing you again. Gee, look at the time. I’ve got to run. Talk to you later. • 9. Well, thanks for talking to us today. • 10. I’ve got to be going. I’ll be in touch. • 11. Well, the time has come for us to say goodbye. • 12. Keep in touch. Remember to give me a ring / send • me an e-mail sometime.

25. PartA_4 Communicative Function Listening Strategy Useful Expressions Notes • “Have a good day” is an informal expression used when people part from each other. • Similar expressions are “Have a good weekend / trip / evening.”

26. PartB_1 Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Language Focus Pair Work • Here are some useful sentences and structures that you might find handy in discussing the questions in Pair Work: • I often speak English to / with my friends. • To tell the truth, I seldom speak English. • I make mistakes whenever I open my mouth to speak English. • Mistakes are probably unavoidable when we try to speak a foreign language. • No mistakes, no progress. • I’m afraid of making mistakes because I don’t want to lose face, so sometimes I just give up.

27. PartB_1 Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Language Focus Pair Work • I think the best way to improve our oral English is to speak as much as possible. • We learn to speak by speaking. • Practice makes perfect. • Reading more and listening more helps to improve oral English. • No input, no output. • Topics like the weather, places, trips, hobbies, films, books ... tend to be safe. • Personal questions should be avoided, I think.

28. PartB_1_2 Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Language Focus Pair Work • Questions for Discussion • You have learned English for several years, but do you often speak English with your classmates and friends? • Are you afraid of making mistakes? • How can you improve your English conversation skills? • If you want to talk to a native speaker of English you meet for the first time, what topics are appropriate? • How would you start and close a conversation?

29. PartB_1_2_demo Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Language Focus Pair Work

30. PartB_1_2_demo2 Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Language Focus Pair Work

31. PartB_2 Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Word Bank Language and Cultural Notes Exercise 1 Exercise 2 • 1. appropriate a. suitable, proper 恰当的，合适的 • 2. smoothly ad. easily, without difficulty • 顺利地，无困难地 • 3. half the battle the thing that counts most in successfully carrying through a difficult task 成功的重要条件

32. PartB_2_2 Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Word Bank Language and Cultural Notes Exercise 1 Exercise 2 • Background information • Language is closely related to culture. There are cultural differences between China and the English-speaking countries. In Chinese, questions like “Have you had your breakfast?” or “Where are you going?” are often used to greet a person or to initiate a conversation. However, to native speakers of English, the question about the meal would suggest an invitation and therefore may cause misunderstanding.

33. PartB_2_2 Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Word Bank Language and Cultural Notes Exercise 1 Exercise 2 • Similarly, the question “Where are you going?” in English is normally a request for information and only used by someone in authority or between very close friends. Therefore, in conversations with native speakers of English, we have to guard against inappropriate topics. In the West, directly asking adults, especially women, their age is generally regarded as impolite. “How much do you earn?” is also an embarrassing question. Income is considered as an extremely personal and private affair, and even within

34. PartB_2_2 Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Word Bank Language and Cultural Notes Exercise 1 Exercise 2 • a family, one may not know the exact salary of another family member. Asking native speakers of English directly how much they paid for something is also regarded as an invasion of their privacy. If you really want to get information about the above-mentioned matters, you should use indirect ways. For example, instead of “How much did it cost?” you can say “Is it very expensive?” This gives your partner a choice of reply. In addition, do not give them advice, such as “Put on more clothes” and “Drink plenty of water”.

35. PartB_2_2 Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Word Bank Language and Cultural Notes Exercise 1 Exercise 2 • Such remarks seem to them to be rather too parental. In a word, we have to make our English not only grammatically correct but also socially acceptable. In other words, we should be developing a cross-cultural perspective in learning English. • There are also similarities in the two cultures, despite the differences. Appropriate topics can be jobs, hobbies, housing, holidays and outings, films, TV programs, and other forms of entertainment.

36. PartB_2_3 Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Word Bank Language and Cultural Notes Exercise 1 Exercise 2 • Listen to the recording once and then do the following. • 1. Rearrange the order of the following sentences according to the passage you hear. • a. Use some strategies to carry on the conversation. • b. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes, which are unavoidable. • c. Choose an appropriate topic to start a conversation. • b c a _______________

37. PartB_2_3 Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Word Bank Language and Cultural Notes Exercise 1 Exercise 2 • 2. Which of the following does the speaker intend to convey to the listeners? • a. Courage and a willingness will definitely result in errors. • b. Starting a conversation is more difficult than closing it. • c. Choose an appropriate topic and the conversation will be a success. • d. Mistakes are unavoidable when you learn to speak a foreign language.

38. PartB_2_4 Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Word Bank Language and Cultural Notes Exercise 1 Exercise 2 Listen to the recording once again and complete the answers to the following questions. 1. What are inappropriate topics to open an English conversation according to the passage? a. age b. money c.people’s appearance ______________________ ____ ________

39. PartB_2_4 __________________________ ________ Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Word Bank Language and Cultural Notes Exercise 1 Exercise 2 2. If your partner speaks too fast for you to follow, what can you say? a. Excuse me, but could you say that again? I didn’t catch it. b. Could you speak more slowly, please? ______________________________

40. PartB_2_4 Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Word Bank Language and Cultural Notes Exercise 1 Exercise 2 3. How do you close a conversation politely? a. Well, I really need to be going. b. It was nice talking to you. ___________________________ ___________________

41. PartB_2_Script Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Word Bank Language and Cultural Notes Exercise 1 Exercise 2

42. PartB_3 Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Pair Work Conversation 1 Conversation 2 • Listen to the conversations and repeat after the recording. Practise the conversations with your partner, playing the role of A or B. Then work with your partner to create your own conversations by replacing the underlined parts with your own words.

43. PartB_3 Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Pair Work Conversation 1 Conversation 2 • A: Excuse me, Jack, 1)do you have a minute? • B: Yes. 2)What can I do for you? • A: Well,3) I wonder if you could tell me how I could improve my oral English. • B: Mm. Do you often speak English with your friends? • A: I wanted to, but 4)every time I open my mouth I seem to make errors, so sometimes I just give up.

44. PartB_3 Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Pair Work Conversation 1 Conversation 2 • B: I guess speaking in a foreign language isn’t easy. 5)You must be willing to make some errors at the beginning. • A: You mean 6)I shouldn't be afraid of making mistakes. • B: That’s right. • A: And I should 7)try to speak English as much as I can. • B: 8)Exactly. • A: Thanks for the advice. • B: Any time.

45. PartB_3 Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Pair Work Conversation 1 Conversation 2 • Substitution • 1) … are you free now / can I talk to you for a second? • 2) How can I help you / What’s up? • 3) I wonder if you could give me some tips to improve my spoken English / I wonder if you could tell me how to better my spoken English. • 4) The minute I begin to speak English I make mistakes / I’m so nervous when I speak English that I keep making mistakes.

46. PartB_3 Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Pair Work Conversation 1 Conversation 2 • 5) You need to understand that mistakes are unavoidable for a beginner / You needn’t worry about making mistakes at first. • 6) … it’s all right if I make some mistakes / making some mistakes is OK. • 7) … try my best to speak English / try to speak as much English as possible / try to speak English at every opportunity. • 8) That’s right /That’s it.

47. PartB_3_b Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Pair Work Conversation 2 Conversation 1 • (On the way to class) • A: 1)Cold this morning, isn’t it? • B: Yes, and it’s supposed to 2)get even colder. • A: I hope it 3)won’t get as cold as last night. • B: Speaking of last night, did you attend the English Speech Contest?

48. PartB_3_b Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Pair Work Conversation 2 Conversation 1 • A: Yes, I did. It was 4)terrific. 5)That guy who won the first prize speaks really fluent English. I do admire him. • B: Me, too. We’ll just have to work harder. Maybe one of us can win the next English contest. • A: Yeah, maybe. Who knows? • B: Well, I have to run now. 6)I have an appointment with the dean. Bye. • A: Bye.

49. PartB_3_b Pre-listening Tasks Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Pair Work Conversation 2 Conversation 1 • Substitution • 1) Hot this morning / Humid today • 2) become even hotter later in the day / get more humid in the afternoon • 3) won’t be so hot as / won’t turn so humid as • 4) marvelous / amazing • 5) I’m really impressed by the first prize winner. His English is so fluent. / The first prize winner does speak such fluent English. I think he’s great. • 6) I have to see the dean. / I have to meet someone at the library.

50. PartC_1 Additional Listening Movie Time Time to Talk A Passage Smile When You Read This Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Correct the ones that are false.