Unrest in Asia and Africa

1. Unrest in Asia and Africa The Effects of Nationalism

3. Chinese Background • China in 1800s • Qing Dynasty • Opium Wars (Unequal Treaties) • Taiping Rebellion (Qing lost Mandate?) • Spheres of Influence • Boxer Rebellion (1900) • 1911 Revolution • Emperor abdicates • Yuan Shikai becomes first president new Republic of China • Warlords have lots of power too…turmoil ensues

4. China angry over WWI Settlement • China declared war on Germany in 1917 hoping the Allies would give them back German controlled Chinese territory • Allies gave territory to Japan instead!!!

5. May 4th Movement • Chinese protest! • Thousands demand change…strikes and protests • Communist Party formed 1921 as alternative to nationalists

6. Two Major Chinese Groups • Partner to fight Chinese Warlords • Guomindang = nationalists led by Chiang Kai Shek • Communists = Communists led by Mao Zedong

7. Guomindang fights Communists • Chiang Kai Shek thinks Communists have too much power • In 1927 kills thousands of them…Chinese Civil War begins!

8. The Long March • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMM8OzlnFYA • Mao Zedong leads 100,000 Communists on 6000 mile march to escape Guomindang and preserve Communism • Only 8,000 survive!

9. India Pre WWI • British territory since 1700s • British East India Co. (Indirect Rule) • Changes • Sepoy Rebellion • 1858- Raj • ICS • Indian National Congress (1885) • Nationalism growing (Swadeshi) • Muslim League (1906)

10. India

11. India • Indian soldiers fought for the British Army in WWI • They expected that Britain would give India freedom • This did not happen!

12. Indian people protest British rule • Thousands protest British rule in violation of British law • Rowlatt Acts • April1919…Amritsar Massacre…400 killed

13. Gandhi’s influence • Teaches • Civil Disobedience • Ahimsa • Boycott British goods • Homespun Movement • Salt March • 1935-Limited Degree of Self-Rule

14. Middle East Pre WWI • Ottoman Territory dating back to 1400s • Control everything from Turkey to Middle East to North Africa • During War- Armenian Genocide

15. Middle East • After WWI Kemal Ataturk creates an independent Turkish nation out of the defeated Ottoman Empire • Goes against Peace Plan • Modernized Turkey…made it secular -no Muslim influence

16. Middle East • Reza Khan becomes Shah Pahlavi of Persia and renames country Iran (1935) • Turns Iran into a modern state focused on education/industry

17. Mandates Post - WWI

18. French and British Mandates • Arab nationalists wanted independent Arab state from Syria to Yemen • Jewish Nationalists-Zionism-rebuild a Jewish state in ancient Jewish homeland • 1917- Balfour Declaration- British government declared its support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine • Instead, this area given to French and British • Arabs and Jews angry

19. Jewish immigration to area increases • With rise of Hitler in Europe… thousands of Jews escape to Palestine • Zionism…idea of a Jewish national home • Arabs upset that their land given away!

20. Nationalism in Africa • Africans served in the European military during WWI • Expected to be rewarded for their service • No Africans involved in Post WWI settlement!

21. Working for Independence • Pan-African Conferences demand independence • Egyptian protests lead Britain to give up Egypt (1922)