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Marine Provinces

Marine Provinces. Chapter 4. Bathymetry. Measurement of ocean depths and the charting of the shape or topography of the ocean floor . Sounding. Precision Depth recorder using sonar. Side scanning sonar. Simultaneous viewing of sea floor with a cross section of the sediments.

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Marine Provinces

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  1. Marine Provinces Chapter 4

  2. Bathymetry • Measurement of ocean depths and the charting of the shape or topography of the ocean floor

  3. Sounding Precision Depth recorder using sonar

  4. Side scanning sonar • Simultaneous viewing of sea floor with a cross section of the sediments

  5. Satellite measures sea surface using radar and correlates that to gravitational attraction of sea floor

  6. Summary of Bathymetry Methods • Sounding (lead line) • Sonar – single beam, multi-beam, side-scan • Seismic reflection • Satellite

  7. Hypsographic Curve • cumulative height frequency curve for the Earth’s surface or some part thereof. A hypsometric curve is essentially a graph that shows the proportion of land area that exists at various elevations by plotting relative area against relative

  8. Mature Ocean Basin • A= Rift, B= Continental margin, C= Ocean crust, D= Ocean Basin, E= Continental Crust

  9. Submarine Canyons and Turbidity Currents • video A=Graded bedding B= Deep-Sea Fans C= Turbidity Current D= Submarine Canyon

  10. Abyssal Plain

  11. G A=continental shelf, B=abyssal plain, C=abyssal hill province, D=mid ocean ridge, E=continental slope, F=trench, G= C. Rise

  12. Ocean Trench

  13. Landward sides of ocean trenches form a volcanic arc (island arc or continental arc

  14. Pull of subducting plate can make a back-arc spreading center

  15. Ocean Trenches

  16. Rift Valley Forms at diverging plates videoYouTube - Mid Ocean Ridges, Volcanoes, and the Arctic Pillow Lava

  17. Hydrothermal Vents • Black Smoker at > 350⁰C • White smoker 30-350 ⁰C • Warm-water vent <30⁰C video

  18. From magma (A) below, metal sulfides including lead, iron, nickel, copper, zinc and chromium spew out of black smokers (B) and precipitate out creating mineral deposits (C).

  19. Transform boundary and fracture zones.

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