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Concept 1: Analyzing the diversity of animals (Ch 26, 32 , 33, 34) Holtz: pg. 186-197

Concept 1: Analyzing the diversity of animals (Ch 26, 32 , 33, 34) Holtz: pg. 186-197. A glimpse into… Developmental Biology. What DEFINES an animal?. What DEFINES an animal?. Animals (Metazoa): Multicellular Heterotrophic (consumers) Eukaryotes (…not prokaryotes)

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Concept 1: Analyzing the diversity of animals (Ch 26, 32 , 33, 34) Holtz: pg. 186-197

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  1. Concept 1: Analyzing the diversity of animals (Ch 26, 32, 33, 34)Holtz: pg. 186-197 A glimpse into… Developmental Biology

  2. What DEFINES an animal?

  3. What DEFINES an animal? • Animals (Metazoa): • Multicellular • Heterotrophic (consumers) • Eukaryotes (…not prokaryotes) • Tissues develop from embryonic layers

  4. Cell Structure and Specialization • Unique to Animals: • No cells walls • Instead: separate structures (desmosomes, gap junctions, and/or tight junctions) hold cells together • Muscle and nervous tissue

  5. Reproduction and Development • Primarily sexual (but some asexual) • Sperm and egg • Zygote grows by many mitotic divisions • Called cleavage • Zygote to blastula to gastrula (usually in egg) • Gastrulation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1MnwHRURKns • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j87y7EAj8qE • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8v6cXkzlEQA • Larva to adult by metamorphosis • Same gene to regulate expression (Hox gene)

  6. Body Plans • Useful for categorization • Symmetry • Tissues • Body Cavities • Protosome vs Deuterosome development

  7. Symmetry • “no” symmetry • Poriphera • Radial Symmetry • All parts radiate from the centre • Cnidaria • Bilateral Symmetry • Distinct anterior (head-end), posterior (tail-end), left, right, dorsal (top), ventral (bottom) • Some have cephilization • Sensory organs and central nervous system in the head end • Good for unidirectional movement

  8. Larva: Bilateral Adult: Radial Classed as Bilateral animal, BUT radial symmetry as adult Symmetry

  9. Types of Tissue Layers • Tissue: Group of specialized cells • Diploblastic – two layers (radial animals: Cnideria … and Porifera… kinda) • 1) Ectoderm • outer body cover (and nervous) • 2) Endoderm • Lines the “digestive tract” and associated organs • Triploblastic – three layers (all bilateral animals) • 1) Ectoderm, 2) Endoderm • 3) Mesoderm • Muscles and other organs • Development: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8v6cXkzlEQA • Human Development:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UgT5rUQ9EmQ

  10. Types of Tissue Layers

  11. Body Cavities • Coelom – fluid filled body cavity separating the digestive tract from the outer body • Acoelomates – no cavity at all • (Porifera, Cnideria,) Platyhelminthes • Pseudocoelomates – animals with a cavity, but not all from mesoderm • Organs held in place loosely • Nematoda • Coelomates – animals with a “true” Coelom (lined with mesoderm) • Organs suspended in order • Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Enchinodermata, Chordata

  12. Body Cavities

  13. Protostome vs Deuterostome

  14. Protostome vs Deuterostome

  15. Protostome vs Deuterostome

  16. Protostome vs Deuterostome

  17. Protostome vs Deuterostome

  18. Protostome vs Deuterostome

  19. Question... • An animal with anterior, posterior, dorsal, and ventral surfaces on its body must exhibit • Protostomic development • Coelomate development • Segmentation • Radial symmetry • Bilateral symmetry

  20. Question... • An animal with anterior, posterior, dorsal, and ventral surfaces on its body must exhibit • Protostomic development • Coelomate development • Segmentation • Radial symmetry • Bilateral symmetry

  21. Reminder… • Field/Lab Notebook Project starts on FRIDAY with • Walk Through the Animal Phyla

  22. Now… Try #2 -10, 14, 34 – 40 in Holtzclaw

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