1 / 78

Introduction to animals

Introduction to animals. Introduction to Animals – Ch. 32. The Nature of Animals. Section 32.1. Classification :. 95-98% of animals are invertebrates Without a backbone 2-5% of animals are vertebrates With a backbone. Animal Traits. Characteristics:. All animals are: Multicellular

chase
Download Presentation

Introduction to animals

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Introduction to animals Introduction to Animals – Ch. 32

  2. The Nature of Animals Section 32.1

  3. Classification: • 95-98% of animals are invertebrates • Without a backbone • 2-5% of animals are vertebrates • With a backbone

  4. AnimalTraits

  5. Characteristics: All animals are: • Multicellular • Eukaryotic • Ingestive heterotrophs • Lacking in cell walls • Sexually reproductive • Able to move

  6. 1. Multicellular Organization • Cell specialization: the evolutionary adaptation of a cell for a particular function • Tissue: group of similar cells that perform a common function • Cell junctions: connections between cells that hold them together as a unit

  7. Molecule or compound Atom Organelle Levels of Organization CELL Life begins Tissue Organ Organ system Organism

  8. 2. Eukaryotic cells

  9. 3. Ingestive Heterotrophy • Getting complex organic compounds (carbon) from sources other than the sun • Ingestion: taking in food usually in the form of an other organism • Digestion: the body’s process of extracting organic molecules from food

  10. Lions Feeding (Ingestion)

  11. 4. Lack of cell walls

  12. 5. Sexual Reproduction & Development • Hermaphrodites: producing both eggs and sperm • Examples: worms & sponges • Most do NOT fertilize own eggs • Why not? • Zygote: diploid cell that results from the fusion of two haploid gametes • Undergoes differentiation (cells becoming specialized to perform a specific function)

  13. Female Beetles Mating Young Courtship Male Mating and Mating Behaviors

  14. Leeches Exchange Sperm During Mating leech Mating

  15. Parthenogenesis: • Females of some animals produce eggs, but the eggs develop without being fertilized! • New offspring will be all female • Example animals: some fishes, several kinds of insects, and a few species of frogs and lizards

  16. Parthenogenesis in the Komodo Dragon Video!

  17. 6. Movement • Sessile: attached & non-moving • sponges • Sedentary: move very little • clam • Motile: animals that can move • humans • Ability to move depends upon interaction between nervous tissue and muscle tissues • Neurons:cells of nervous tissue

  18. SESSILE SEDENTARY Chiton Sponge MOTILE Cheetah

  19. Origin of Animals: • Animals came about in the water • Evolved from colonial protists: • Each organism had its own function (for the colony) much like each cell of the animal body has its own function (for the organism) Video

  20. Body Structure: • Symmetryis the arrangement of body parts around a central plane or axis • Asymmetryoccurs when the body can’t be divided into similar sections • sponges

  21. Radial symmetry • when body parts are arranged around a central point • like spokes on a wheel • echinoderms • Most animals are sessile (attached) or sedentary (move very little)

  22. Bilateral symmetry • when animals can be divided into equal halves along a single plane • right and left sides that are mirror images of each other • are usually motile • Show cephalization • concentration of sensory organs on the head (anterior) end

  23. What type of symmetry is this?

  24. Segmentation • When an animal body is composed of a series of repeating similar units • Example: earthworm (annelid) • Segments may look different & have different functions • Example: insects & crustaceans (arthropods)

  25. Anatomical Terms: Dorsal: back surface of animal Ventral: underside of animal Anterior: front end of animal Posterior: rear end of animal Lateral: sides of animal Medial: along midline of animal Proximal: near to Distal: away from

  26. Label the parts:

  27. Comparison of Invertebrates & Vertebrates Section 32.2

  28. Invertebrate groups Video!

  29. Invertebrates • Simplest animals • Contain the greatest number of different species • Most are aquatic • Do NOT have a backbone • Includes: • sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, roundworms, annelids, mollusks, arthropods, & echinoderms

  30. Sponges – Phylum Porifera Osculum of Sponge

  31. Sea Anemone – Phylum Cnidaria Tentacles of Sea Anemone

  32. More Phylum Cnidaria Brain Coral Red jellyfish *

  33. Flatworms – Phylum Platyhelminthes Marine Flatworm Planarian

  34. Roundworms - Phylum NematodaSegmented Worms – Phylum Annelida Nematode Leech (segmented worm)

  35. Phylum Mollusca (With and Without Shells) snail scallop octopus nudibranch nautilus

  36. Phylum Arthropoda spider crayfish Horseshoe crab Dung beetle

  37. Phylum Echinodermata Sea fan (crinoid) starfish Brittle star Sand dollar Sea cucumber

  38. Symmetry • Most are radial or bilateral • Radial can receive stimuli and move in any direction (in water) • Some are highly cephalized Bilateral but NOT an invertebrate Bilateral Radial

  39. Support of the Body • Various types of support: • Simple skeletons(sponges) • Fluid-filled body cavity (roundworms) • Exoskeleton (crayfish) • Rigid outer covering for protection of soft tissue

  40. 2 Types of Circulatory Systems: • Open circulatory system: circulatory fluid is pumped by the heart through vessels into a body cavity • Arthropods & most mollusks • Closed circulatory system: circulatory fluid is restricted to vessels in a closed loop • Squid (mollusk) Video

  41. Digestive & Excretory Systems • Gut: a digestive tract running through the body • Liquid wastes are excreted as ammonia • highly toxic

  42. Development • Indirect Development:an intermediate larval stage occurs • Flies • Direct development:young animal appears similar to adult • grasshoppers

  43. Indirect Development

  44. Vertebrate Groups Video!

  45. Fishes – Classes Myxini, Cephalaspidomorphi, Chondrichthyes, Actinopterygii, and Sarcopterygii lancelet ray damselfish anglerfish

  46. Class Amphibia salamander toad frog newt

  47. Class Reptilia Turtle Snake Lizard Alligator

More Related