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PHARMACOLOGY

PHARMACOLOGY. Science dealing with interactions between living systems and molecules, especially chemicals from outside the body. Drugs will be different in: Size--most small Shape--to fit receptor Chemical nature--acid/base. Drug-body interaction. Pharmacodynamic: What drug does to you

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PHARMACOLOGY

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  1. PHARMACOLOGY Science dealing with interactions between living systems and molecules, especially chemicals from outside the body. Drugs will be different in: Size--most small Shape--to fit receptor Chemical nature--acid/base

  2. Drug-body interaction Pharmacodynamic: What drug does to you a) mimic or inhibit normal physiological/biochemical processes or inhibit pathological processes in animals or
(b) inhibit vital processes of endo- or ectoparasites and microbial organisms. Pharmacokinetic: What you do to drug(absorb, distribute, metabolize,eliminate)

  3. Get the drug in: Oral Inhale Topical Transdermal Subcutaneous Intramuscular Buccal Sublingual Rectal Parenteral---must skip the GI tract to avoid stomach acid(some penicllins and insulin)

  4. Fastest Absorption • Directly into brain • Intracerebral (into brain tissue) • Intracerebroventricular (into brain ventricles) General Principle: The faster the absorption, the quicker the onset, the higher the addictiveness, but the shorter the duration

  5. DRUG GROUPS Antibiotics Antifungals Antivirals Antiretrovirals Affective disorders Insomnia CNS disorders Respiratory agents Gastrointestinal agents Urinary system Cardiovascular Anticoagulant Hyperlipidemia Narcotic and opoid analgesics Non-narcotic analgesics Thyroid

  6. DRUG GROUPS CONT Hormone replacement Bone disease Corticosteroids Hypoglycemic Topical chemotherapy

  7. drug mechanism • for a drug to work it needs-- • 1---right structure to fit receptor • 2--good bonding to receptor • 3--drug chirality---levo/dextro agonist---drug that turned on receptor site to do some function antagonist---blocks receptor site so other chemical cannot connect. 1---competitive (based on concentration) 2---irreversible(until membrane makes new receptor)

  8. Agonism and Antagonism Agonists facilitate receptor response Antagonists inhibit receptor response (direct ant/agonists)

  9. first order kinetics • first order kinetics-----’halflife is 2 hrs’ • 6 units in blood level at start. 3 units at 2hrs, 1.5 units at 4 hours, .75 units at 6 hours,ect • zero order kinetics---starts at first order kinetics until a threshold is hit then eliminates at a constant rate

  10. drug mechanism • dose/potency---- • maximal effiency is when adding more drug gives no more effect(maxed out) • FYI----3rd party claim sent electronically as Rx information entered into pharmacy computer=adjudication

  11. Therapeutic Index • Effective dose (ED50) = dose at which 50% population shows response • Lethal dose (LD50) =dose at which 50% population dies • TI = LD50/ED50, an indication of safety of a drug (higher is better) ED50 LD50

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