Immigration and Urbanization Chapter 3 Section 2

1. Cornell Note-Taking Immigration and Urbanization Chapter 3 Section 2

2. Name Date Class Period Immigration and Urbanization • Write your name, date, class, and period in the upper right hand corner (see above). • Write the topic of the notes on the top line

3. What is immigration? Were did many of the immigrants come from during the two major immigration waves between 1840 to 1920? Immigration is the act of someone leaving one country that they are a resident of to go to another that they plan on permanently living in. The first wave between 1840 to 1880 was mainly comprised of Irish and German immigrants. The second wave 1880 to 1920 was comprised of southern and eastern Europeans and Asians. Name Date Class Period Immigration and UrbanizationNew Immigrants From many Lands

4. Why did Immigrants come to the United States, what were some of the push and pull factors? How did Immigrants impact American Society? Immigrants who came to American between 1840 to 1920 came for many different reasons, however the majority of them came to the United States looking for religious freedom and jobs . (military service) Name Date Class Period Immigration and UrbanizationPush and Pull Factors • Immigrants impacted America in many different ways, they brought new cultures, ideas, and workers. However they also brought about, crime, and disease.

5. How many Immigrants came to America between 1880 and 1920? Why were American afraid of all of these new immigrants? Between 1880 to 1920 approximately 18 million immigrants arrived in America many of them entering through Ellis Island, New York. However Angel Island, San Francisco was another major port of entry as well especially for those of Asian decent. Many American feared the arrival of these new immigrants for several reasons, mainly because they believed that they threatened there way of life. They believed that they would take their jobs and undermine their culture. Name Date Class Period Immigration and UrbanizationLanding and Welcome How does this connect to today, are we experiencing the same feelings in America Nowadays?

6. What was some of the major differences between the first wave immigrants and second wave immigrants? What was the immigrant experience like? Some of the major differences between the two wave was that the first was comprised of Irish and German, English speaking, protestant individuals who had many labor skills. The second wave however was made up of non-English speaking non-skilled laborers, who were mainly Jewish and Catholic. While no two immigrants shared the same experience they did all have to go through the same process of finding work, a place to live, over coming prejudice, from natives and their own country men as well and start the assimilation process to their new American/Urban life style. Name Date Class Period Immigration and UrbanizationThe Immigrant Experience Does this experience remind you of what immigrants today must deal with or is it different?

7. How long did the journey usually take and what kind of conditions did the immigrants have to travel in? Once arriving in America what kind of help could immigrants expect to find? The Journey could take any were from several days to months. Usually the conditions were cramped dark, and un-sanitary. It was usually in the cargo-hold of a ship that would cross the Atlantic or Pacific Oceans. Immigrants had limited options to look for help many relied on family members who had already came to America, their was also different organizations that would help such as the Italian Knights of Columbus, Irish Hibernian Association, and the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society. Name Date Class Period Immigration and UrbanizationOpportunities and Challenges

8. Who made up the majority of new comers to American cities during this time period? What was life like in these new urban center? Both Immigrants and American Farmers moved to the cities looking for new jobs, life styles, and overall more exciting way of life. For many new-comers to the city dreams of being able to own all the new commodities were exactly that, dreams. As many new-comers to the city soon found out they could barely afford to live let alone afford any of the new convinces. Name Date Class Period Immigration and UrbanizationCities Experience Growth and Change

9. Some of these new convinces included department stores, coffee-houses, sporting events, theaters and dance halls. In the book Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser, Sister Carrie finds out that while there are many new and amazing attractions in these new cities there are also many problems that come with it. Some include poor sanitation, crime, vice, and major overcrowding. Name Date Class Period Immigration and UrbanizationCities Experience Growth and Change Cont. • What was life like in these new urban center? Cont. • What were some of the problems that came with this rapid growth?

10. How can the problems being faced in these new, rapidly expanding cities be solved? What did this allow the city to do? Technology once again comes to the aid of society in trying to tame this out of control growth within these cities. City planners and workers scramble to introduce new electric streetlights, new forms of transportation including horse-drawn trolley, elevated railroads and electric trolleys. Also sewer, clean water, and public sanitation measures were put into effect. This allowed the cities to expand and with these new forms of transportation suburbs for the first time started to appear. Name Date Class Period Immigration and UrbanizationTechnology Improves Urban Life

11. Why did these technology mainly only help the wealthy and or middle class. How did they help the working class? This is because only the wealthy could escape the major problem of the major cities, their rapid growth. The wealthy could leave and head to the suburbs however for the majority of citizens this was not an option do in large part to lack of money. For most individuals the life of tenement living was their way of life. However new street lights and transportation did provide some safety and help to the working class. Name Date Class Period Immigration and UrbanizationUrban Life Creates Problems

12. What is a Tenement? A house divided into and rented in such separate residences, esp. one that is run-down and overcrowded. Like the one in the picture responses from today's big 3 warm-up. Name Date Class Period Immigration and UrbanizationUrban Life Creates Problems Cont.

13. What else did this new industrialization/Urbanization do for all people? How did this rapid industrialization help society? While most people still could not afford all of the new luxuries of life that came with this advancement in technology it did provide everyone with some new opportunities. A shift from producing only the essential to producing leisure items became a new trend. This trend helped by introducing a new middle class that could afford these items. This rapid industrialization lead to new positions opening such as engineers, accountants, attorneys, and management positions. Name Date Class Period Immigration and UrbanizationSocial and Cultural Trends

14. How did this rapid Growth industrialization/urbanization plague society? It lead to a time in which people were huddled into dark and dirty living conditions were people were seen more like cattle than human. Workers were treated like animals working 12 to 16 hour work days, living in tenements with up to 20 people in a room the size of the bathrooms at school, streets littered with garbage, thieves, and gangs. Traffic Jams as far as the eye could see, disease around every corner that could kill a person with little to no medical help available. However out of it all came many good things as well. Name Date Class Period Immigration and UrbanizationPositive and Negative reactions to Rapid Growth

15. How did this rapid Growth industrialization/urbanization benefit society? The rapid growth and industrialization led to many great improvements in American life it gave rise to the expansion of public sanitation, cultural diversification, birth of access to leisure activates, safety regulations, a boom in entertainment, education (university access for women and gradate programs), the birth of labor unions and so on. This ear gave rise to the birth of modern society without it life as we know it would not exist. Name Date Class Period Immigration and UrbanizationPositive and Negative reactions to Rapid Growth What do you think are some of the advantages and disadvantages of this rapid growth and urbanization of America? Do you think it has lead us down the path we should be on?