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Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU). Discussion D7.4 Example 21. ALU. nf = negative flag (nf=1 if y(n-1)=1 zf = zero flag (zf = 1 if y = 0) ovf = overflow flag cf = carry flag. alu.vhd. -- Example 21: alu library IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164. all ; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_unsigned. all ;

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Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

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  1. Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU) Discussion D7.4 Example 21

  2. ALU nf = negative flag (nf=1 if y(n-1)=1 zf = zero flag (zf = 1 if y = 0) ovf = overflow flag cf = carry flag

  3. alu.vhd -- Example 21: alu library IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_unsigned.all; entity alu is port( alusel : in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(2 downto 0); a : in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(3 downto 0); b : in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(3 downto 0); nf : out STD_LOGIC; zf : out STD_LOGIC; cf : out STD_LOGIC; ovf : out STD_LOGIC; y : out STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(3 downto 0) ); end alu;

  4. alu.vhd (cont.) architecture alu of alu is begin process(a,b,alusel) variable temp: STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(4 downto 0); variable yv: STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(3 downto 0); variable cfv, zfv: STD_LOGIC; begin cf <= '0'; ovf <= '0'; temp := "00000"; zfv := '0';

  5. alu.vhd (cont.) case alusel is when "000" => -- pass yv := a; when "001" => -- a + b temp := ('0' & a) + ('0' & b); yv := temp(3 downto 0); cfv := temp(4); ovf <= yv(3) xor a(3) xor b(3) xor cfv; cf <= cfv;

  6. Overflow Overflow = status(1) = c xor c(N-1) = C xor a(N-1) xor b(N-1) xor yv(N-1); ci ai bi si ci+1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 ci = ai xor bi xor si

  7. alu.vhd (cont.) when "010" => -- a - b temp := ('0' & a) - ('0' & b); yv := temp(3 downto 0); cfv := temp(4); ovf <= yv(3) xor a(3) xor b(3) xor cfv; cf <= cfv; when "011" => -- b - a temp := ('0' & b) - ('0' & a); yv := temp(3 downto 0); cfv := temp(4); ovf <= yv(3) xor a(3) xor b(3) xor cfv; cf <= cfv;

  8. alu.vhd (cont.) when "100" => -- NOT yv := not a; when "101" => -- AND yv := a and b; when "110" => -- OR yv := a or b; when "111" => -- XOR yv := a xor b; whenothers => yv := a; end case;

  9. alu.vhd (cont.) for i in 0 to 3 loop zfv := zfv or yv(i); -- zfv = '0' if all yv(i) = '0' end loop; y <= yv; zf <= not zfv; nf <= yv(3); end process; end alu;

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