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First Inhabitants

First Inhabitants. Human Cultures in North America. Terms to Know. Archaeology Artifacts Culture Horticulture Palisade. Tribe Clovis Point Atlatl Nomadic. North America 12,000 years ago. The last Ice Age occurred. A land bridge existed between Asia and North America (Beringia).

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First Inhabitants

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  1. First Inhabitants Human Cultures in North America

  2. Terms to Know • Archaeology • Artifacts • Culture • Horticulture • Palisade • Tribe • Clovis Point • Atlatl • Nomadic

  3. North America12,000 years ago • The last Ice Age occurred. • A land bridge existed between Asia and North America (Beringia). • Georgia’s coast line was a hundred miles east of today’s coast.

  4. Paleo Indians • First human beings in Georgia • Evidence shows they were here 13,250 years ago. • They were Nomadic people who followed the herds. • Hunter-gatherers - large animals (mammoths, bison), fish ,wild plants. • Used large spears with stone tips called Clovis points (artifacts). • Warm climates caused extinction of many large animals during Paleo period. • No Paleo sites have been found in Georgia

  5. Clovis Point • Used on the end of a long heavy spear. • It was used for stabbing, not throwing.

  6. Archaic People • 8,000 BC – 1,000 BC (old) • Nomadic • Improved hunting (small animals) • Created hooks and nets for fishing. • Began trading with other groups. • Atlatl, smaller spear points, stone tools, grooved axe, & pottery • This is the prehistoric period in which horticulture began.

  7. Atlatl • A spear thrower- a tool that uses leverage to achieve a further throw.

  8. LH Page 12 Create a Double Bubble Map Archaic and Paleo

  9. Woodland Indians • 1,000 BC – 1,000 AD • Permanent villages (protective walls) along stream valleys (moist soils) • Farming (sunflowers, squash, beans) and improved hunting techniques • Bow and arrow replaced spear, new pottery methods (artifacts) • Traded with other tribes • Ceremonial burial mounds (Kolomoki, Rock Eagle) • Mounds, Plants, and Fortified towns are developments of the Woodland Indians.

  10. Located near Eatonton,GA. Excavations found the remains of one person and a small spear point. Rock Eagle Effigy

  11. MississippianCulture • 800 AD – 1600 AD • Civilization with organized towns and cities. • Extensive agriculture grew corn, squash, beans – aka: “Three sisters”. • Trade with groups as far away as Mexico. • Mound building for religious purposes, burial, and public business • Macon, Floyd Co. , & Stewart Co. • Society created with hierarchies (levels of importance). • Stone axes, bowls, painted pottery

  12. The EndOvercrowding, lack of sanitation, and exposure to European diseases (tuberculosis) brought an end to the Mississippian Culture by early 1600s.

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