Early Inhabitants in Pennsylvania

1. Early Inhabitants in Pennsylvania Chapter 2 Lessons 5-8

2. Lesson 5 • Land Bridge – bridge made from land or ice • Clans – small villages • Native American tribes came to North America 12,000 years ago, over the land bridge between Asia and North America • Hunted animals and slowly spread across the continent • No written language

3. 2 large groups of Indians located in Pennsylvania, classified according to what language they spoke • Algonquin Tribes • Iroquois Tribes • Clans – small villages (named after an animal) • Woodland Indians – Indians who lived in the woods.

4. Algonquian Tribes • Delaware • Shawnee • Nanticoke • Iroquois Tribes • Cayuga • Mohawk • Oneida • Onondaga • Seneca • Tuscarora, Erie, & Susquehannock followed later • Iroquois Confederacy – league made up of the original five feuding tribes

5. Systems of Governments • Chief and tribal council members selected by the women • Tribal council – main role was to keep peace • Justice system • “An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth” • Simple rule of right and wrong

6. TIPI - type of wigwam with a conical shape WIGWAM - small Algonquin homes built from small trees

7. Longhouse - Iroquois houses that held many families

8. Algonquian homes – single family • Sweathouse – like a spa, used to stay clean • Iroquois longhouses – multiple families • 20 x 100 ft in size • Typical family included parents, children, grandparents, aunts, uncles, and their children. • When an Iroquois man married, he moved in with his wife’s family, but did not belong to their clan. • When too old, went back to mothers clan.

9. Money • Trading and bartering • Bartering – trading goods • Wampum belts - made from shells and ornaments, used for trading or recording historical events • Roles • Men were hunters and warriors • Women and children skinned animals, prepared and cooked meals, tended to crops, and did all the other work. • Children were taught to respect their elders and appreciate life. • Clothing • Deerskin was main fabric

10. Religion • Worshiped nature and believe in one “Great Spirit” • Revolved around nature and animals • Could contact spirits through dreams • Transportation • Canoe – main means of traveling in the water • Land travel – series of trails crisscrossing the state • Different paths for different reasons • Hunting, visiting, trading, and fighting • “Moss on the trees” – in case they got lost

11. Lesson 6 • Conflict – war between opposing ideas • Retaliated – • Early European Settlements • Sweden, France, Holland, and England – mapped and claim land in PA prior to Penn’s Birth. • Wanted to stake claim to riches in new world

12. Scene for Conflict • Native Americans – did not view land as theirs • Europeans – wanted to buy that the Native Americans were originally willing to share. • Jamestown & Plymouth • 1638 – Swedes settled near Philadelphia area • Governed by Johan Printz

13. 1664 – King if England sent fleet of ships and to take over the Dutch colonies, surrendered with firing a shot • Colonists captured small Dutch fort on the Delaware. • Dutch retaliated and conquered Swedes • Retaliated – to get revenge • Impact of Swedes and Dutch on PA: • Architecture, customs, and names.

14. Lesson 7 • Absolute Monarchy – • Church of England - • General Assembly – • Holy Experiment – • Imprison – • Land Grant – • Religious Freedom –

15. William Penn Starts the Colony of Pennsylvania • Formation was centered on a man named William Penn • William Penn – born 1644 • Attended Oxford University • Attended meetings of a religious group called the Society of Friends or Quakers • Quakers believed • everyone was equal • War and fighting were wrong

16. Church of England – – King’s church during 1600’s • by law, everyone belonged to the King’s church • Other beliefs were not tolerated (jail) • Penn was kicked out of Oxford for his religious beliefs, member of Quakers

17. Penn imagined starting a colony where people of all religions could practice their beliefs without fear of being imprisoned. • Imprison – put in jail • Penn did not believe in absolute monarchy • Absolute Monarchy – rulers who believed only they had the wisdom, vision, or authority to decide everything for the people

18. How did Penn get the land for Pennsylvania? • King borrowed large sums of money from Penn’s father, an admiral. • After fathers death, king could not repay the money he borrowed from the Penn’s • Penn took opportunity to ask for a land grant in North America. • Land Grant – being given land • 1681, King granted most of land that now is Pennsylvania. • Next to the king, Penn was one of the largest landowners in the world.

19. Penn’s Holy Experiment • 1681, Penn began to plan, a place where all could worship as they feel fit, everyone was equal, not persecuted • Holy Experiment - William Penn’s plan for PA, religious freedom, people had say in gov’t, & all people were created equal • While establishing colony, Penn got along with the Delaware Indians • Indians call Penn “Brother Omas” • Penn paid Tamanend, the Delaware Chief, for the land the King of England gave him

20. When people of Europe heard about Penn’s ideas, settlers began to flock to Pennsylvania • Frames of Government – William Penn’s written plans for his government (4 frames) • Religious Freedom - able to worship who/what you want • First frame of Government – written in England in 1681. Two separate law-making bodies. • General Assembly – group of people appointed to make rules on how PA should be governed

21. Amazing ideas for government – • Trial by jury • Freedom of the press • Freedom of religion • Penal code for criminals • Process for amending, or changing laws • All children by age of 12 should begin training in a useful trade or skill Philadelphia – City of Brotherly Love

22. When colony of Pennsylvania was established, Penn put forth 3 laws throughout the years: • 1682, “The Great Law” – stated that all people were created equal • 1682, “Frame of Friendship” – allowed the people to set up a council and General Assembly, choosing them from the citizens • 1701, “The Charter of Privileges” – said that General Assembly could now suggest laws to be considered by the King/Queen of England. • How did these laws influence colonial independence?

23. 1701 – Trouble in Europe brought Penn back, after only having 3 years to set up his state. • 1712 – Penn suffered a stroke • His wife, Hannah, took control and ran government • 1718 – William Penn died • Hannah ran government until her death in 1726 • Pennsylvania colony run by the Penn family until the American Revolution began in 1775

24. Lesson 8 • Pennsylvania becomes a Religious and Multicultural Haven

25. Age of Enlightenment – During the 1500s in the European Christian world, there was only one church, one religion. • Everyone was expected to practice Catholicism • Time where people began to think differently and try new ideas • Many people did not agree with the Catholic beliefs. • Protestant Reformation - Protests of the Catholic Church led to splintering into new religions. • Protestant religious groups were persecuted and not tolerated.

26. Religious groups looked for a haven (safe place) to speak freely. • Word of religious freedom in the American colonies got their attention. • Tolerance, when you respect rights, opinions, and customs of different ethnic or religious groups, was appealing. • Ethnocentrism – the beliefs that one’s ethnic groups is superior to others. • Pennsylvania was founded to eliminate the beliefs of underlying ethnocentrism. • William Penn thought that people of all nations and religions, along with the Native Americans, could live together peacefully in his colony.

27. Prejudice and Stereotyping – judging and classifying. • Melting pot – all different ethnic groups have blended or melted together to form one group.

28. Emigrate – to move from your home country to a new country (EXIT) • Immigrant – once you have entered into a new country (IN) • Quakers – “Their Main Beliefs” • Purpose to life is to worship god through spiritual friends and fellowship. • Started colonies first school. • Started first jail. • Believed a person should be trained in a trade or craft while in jail

29. Different groups that came to Pennsylvania • Ethnic Group (from) - Religious Group - When arrived • England – Quakers – 1680s • England - Shakers - 1740s • Germany - Mennonites – 1710s • Switzerland - Amish – 1720s • Germany - Moravians – 1740s • Germany - Brethrens – 1740s • Germany - Seventh Day Baptists – 1730s • Scots-Irish - Presbyterians – 1730s • African-Americans – Many religions - 1700s • Ireland - Catholics – 1700s • No homeland – Jewish - 1700s • Many homelands – indentured servants – 1680s