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COLOMBIA: Party Politics After The National Front

COLOMBIA: Party Politics After The National Front. Unraveling of Two Party Dominance . Ending the National Front: Aftermath of 1970 Presidential Election . Misael Pastrana narrow (fraudulent?)victory (1970) discredits the National Front

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COLOMBIA: Party Politics After The National Front

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  1. COLOMBIA: Party Politics After The National Front Unraveling of Two Party Dominance

  2. Ending the National Front: Aftermath of 1970 Presidential Election • Misael Pastrana • narrow (fraudulent?)victory (1970) discredits the National Front • Need for a system-sustaining political party of the opposition

  3. Conservatives & Liberals renege on their “deal” with ANAPO • Fear of ANAPO and populist left • Maria Eugenia Rojas runs in 1974 as ANAPO candidate • ANAPO infrastructure decimated • Rise of M-19

  4. Liberals Prove their Majority Party Status • Alfonso López Michelsen (1974-78) wins with 56% • Liberals overwhelm Conservatives • Senate 67-38 • Chamber of Deputies 113-66 • “Adequate and equitable” participation maintained for Conservatives

  5. Smashing of ISI Alfonso LópezMichelsen1974 -1978 • Slow turn to economic liberalization • Colombia joins GATT (1978) • Restrictions on banks reduced

  6. Scandals in Privatization • Julio Cesar Turbay (1978-82) • Increased inflation • Corruption in privatization • Divisions in Liberal party aggravated Swearing in President Turbay

  7. Return of the Conservatives (1982-86) • Belisario Betancur • Direct elections of mayors (mixed results) • IMF adjustment program • Public expenditures reduced • No new housing for poor • Wage freeze • Unsuccessful negotiations with insurgents • Intensification of the insurgency

  8. Three Liberal Presidents I • Virgilio Barco (1986-90) • Abandoned bi-partisan cabinet • Continued neoliberal reforms • Intensification of narco-trafficker power • Alliance of traffickers with guerrillas • Assassination of Liberal presidential candidate (Luis Galán, founder of “New Liberal” movement

  9. Three Liberal Presidents II • Cesar Gaviria (1990-94) • New constitution (1991) • Human rights • Ecological concerns • Participative civil society • Decentralization • Enemies – apply the law; friends – give favors • Ernesto Samper P. (1994-98) • Paralysis due to involvement with narco-traffickers

  10. Andrés Pestrana (Conservative) Wins the 1998 Presidential Election • Liberals in disarray • Promises of cooperation with the United States to control narco-traffkers • Ongoing insurgency • Responds by conceding control of large areas of country to insurgents

  11. Alvaro Uribe Ends two Party Dominance of Colombian Politics - 2002 • Conservatives • policy toward the insurgency disastrous • Closed leadership • Smaller base of party identifiers than Liberals • Liberals • Closed leadership • Ties with narco-traffickers undermine legitimacy • Economic policies fail to aid poor

  12. Presidential Elections: 2006 • Parties - Candidates Votes % ÁlvaroUribeVélez - Colombia First (Primero Colombia) 7,363,421 62.20 Carlos GaviriaDíaz - AlternativeDemocratic Pole (Polo Democrático Alternativo) 2,609,412 22.04 HoracioSerpaUribe - Colombian Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Colombiano) 1,401,173 11.84 AntanasMockusSivickas - Indigenous Social Alliance Movement (Movimiento Alianza Social Indígena) 146,540 1.24 Enrique ParejoGonzález - NationalDemocraticReconstruction (Reconstrucción Democrática Nacional) 44,610 0.38 ÁlvaroLeyvaDurán - NationalMovementforReconciliation (Movimiento Nacional de Reconciliación) 22,039 0.19 Carlos Arturo RincónBarreto - ColombianCommunity and CommunalPoliticalMovement (Movimiento Politico Comunal y Comunidad Colombiano) 20,477 0.17 • Total votes for candidates11,607,67298.05 Uribe Reelected

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