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The French Wars of Religion

The French Wars of Religion. Carol Rioux Kingwood High School, Kingwood, Texas. Get the Protestants!. Edict of Fountainebleau – 1540 Edict of Chateaubriand -- 1551. Death of a Dynasty The Demise of the Valois. Henri II – an unfortunate death. Catherine de Medici. A manipulative mother.

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The French Wars of Religion

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  1. The French Wars of Religion Carol Rioux Kingwood High School, Kingwood, Texas

  2. Get the Protestants! Edict of Fountainebleau – 1540 Edict of Chateaubriand -- 1551

  3. Death of a Dynasty The Demise of the Valois Henri II – an unfortunate death

  4. Catherine de Medici • A manipulative mother • Plays both sides in the civil wars • Developed a reputation for cruelty

  5. My Three Sons

  6. Francis II & His Wife, Mary Stuart

  7. Charles IX

  8. Henry III

  9. The Civil Wars The Catholics led by Guises vs The Huguenots led by the Bourbons and Montmorency-Chatillons

  10. Conspiracy of Amboise A failed attempt by the Bourbons and Chatillon to wrest power by abducting the young king, Francis II and arresting Francis, the Duke of Guise and his brother Charles, the cardinal of Lorraine. Rumors of the plot reached Charles ahead of time, due to poor planning. The army was easily defeated. In the following weeks, 1200 bodies hung on iron hooks on the façade of the Chateau d’Amboise and from nearby trees.

  11. Conspiracy of Amboise

  12. Who was attracted to Protestantism? Why?

  13. In the first phase of the wars, Catherine sided with the Guise. After the death of Francis II, Catherine hoped that she could resolve differences between the two factions at a colloquy at Poissy. When the attempt failed she sought an allies among the Protestants by issuing the January Edict which granted Protestants the right to worship publicly outside of towns and to hold synods.

  14. The first religious war was provoked by the Massacre at Vassy in 1562. The Duke of Guise, traveling to his estates, stopped in Vassy on a Sunday and decided to hear Mass. A few of his servants got into a scuffle with some Huguenots who were attending a service in a nearby building, and the whole thing escalated until the Guise faction had fired on the unarmed Huguenots, set the church on fire, and killed a number of the congregation.

  15. Massacre at Vassy

  16. ThirdPhase of War • Huguenot leadership passed to Admiral Gaspard d’Coligny. • Better Military strategist • Became Charles IX’s most trusted advisor

  17. Peace of St. Germain-en-Laye • Ended the third phase of the wars • Granted Huguenots religious freedoms within their territories and the right to fortify their cities

  18. Wedding Bells

  19. On August 22, as Admiral de Coligny was returning from a visit with the king, an assassin fired at him wounding him severely, but not killing him outright. At a meeting on the night of August 23, the decision was made to kill Coligny. Attending the meeting was Charles IX, Catherine de' Medici, and Henri d'Anjou. Charles IX was reputedly badgered into this decision by Catherine and his councilors, and when he finally broke he is alleged to have said, "Well, then kill them all that no man be left to reproach me."

  20. St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

  21. Protestant Resistance Theory Classical Huguenot resistance theories appeared in three works: Franco-Gallia On the Right of the Magistrates Over their Subjects Defense of Liberty Against Tyrants

  22. Peace of Beaulieu 1576 Granted almost complete religious and civil freedom to the Huguenots Henry III truncated peace October 1577 Catholic League vs. Protestant Union

  23. War of the Three Henries

  24. Effects of the Civil Wars • France was left divided by religion • Royal power had weakened • Reign of Valois ended

  25. A New Dynasty: The Bourbons

  26. Reign of Henry IV After 30 years of warfare, civil order was restored when Henry of Navarre became King Henry IV, first king of the Bourbon dynasty. • As king, Henry • Converted to Catholicism to please the majority. • Issued the Edict of Nantes -- recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France, but also gave the Huguenots the right of worship and full political privileges • Devoted his reign to rebuilding France and its prosperity (helped by the Duke of Sully). • Laid the foundation for royal absolutism

  27. Henry IV signing the Edict of Nantes

  28. 1610: Henry IV was stabbed to death by a religious fanatic. With his death the throne passed to the very young, Louis XIII.

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