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The French Wars of Religion 1562-1598

The French Wars of Religion 1562-1598. Henry II and Catherine D’Medici Family Tree. Francis II (1544-1560) r. 1559-1560 Elizabeth (1545-1568) Claude (1547-1575) Louis (1549) Charles IX (1550-1574) r. 1560-1574 Henry III (1551-1589) r. 1574-1589 Margaret (1553-1615)

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The French Wars of Religion 1562-1598

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  1. The French Wars of Religion1562-1598

  2. Henry II and Catherine D’Medici Family Tree • Francis II (1544-1560) r. 1559-1560 • Elizabeth (1545-1568) • Claude (1547-1575) • Louis (1549) • Charles IX (1550-1574) r. 1560-1574 • Henry III (1551-1589) r. 1574-1589 • Margaret (1553-1615) • Hercules (later Francis) (1555-1584) • Joan and Victoria (1556)

  3. Political Situation of France • Hapsburg-Valois Wars were extremely costly • Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis (1559) • Both Catholicism and Calvinism are present • Henry II was the last powerful Valois (r.1547-1559) • Weak Kings follow • Francis II (r. 1559-1560) • Charles IX (r. 1560-1574)

  4. The French civil War of Religion • Two Sides • Guise Family led the Catholics in the North • Bourbon Family led Huguenots in the South • Fighting for Royal Inheritance • 1st stage (1562-1563) • 2nd and 3rd stage (1567-1570) • St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre • August -September, 1572 • 12,000 Huguenots killed in Paris and the suburbs • Henry of Navarre, a Bourbon survives

  5. Aftermath • Shaky truce in July 1573 gives Protestants limited rights • Charles IX dies in 1574 and brother Henry becomes king • More liberal with Protestants and they slowly gain more rights • War of the “Three Henrys” • Cause • 1584: Hercules “Francis” dies, which leaves Henry of Navarre in line for throne • Catholic League puts pressure on Henry III to void Navarre’s claim to the throne • Henry Guise plans to assassinate Henry III and take the throne, but Henry III strikes first and kills Guise • Open warfare breaks out between supporters • Henrys ally • Outcome • Henry III is assassinated by a fanatical monk • Henry of Navarre is quickly crowned

  6. Henry of Navarre/Henry IV (r. 1589-1610 • Ended Spanish interference in France • Converted to Catholicism • A compromise to make peace • An example of politique • Passes Edict of Nantes in 1598

  7. Edict of Nantes • Grants Huguenots right to worship outside of Paris • Huguenots have full civil rights • Catholics and Protestants sit on court to mediate disputes over Edict • Huguenot priests are paid by the state • Restored Catholicism to places where worship was interrupted • Protestantism was forbidden to spread • No airing of past grievances

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