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Sexually Transmitted Infections

Learn about sexually transmitted infections (STIs), their effects on women, common STIs like Chlamydia and Gonorrhea, and how to prevent and treat them.

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Sexually Transmitted Infections

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  1. Tramaine Curtis Phinecia Bright Teonia Burton Diana Medina Cherlyne Norman Chapter 29 Group 4 Lesson Title: Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) Topic: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) Sexually Transmitted Infections

  2. Target Group: • Child-Bearing age women between the ages of 16- 35

  3. What is a STI? • Any infections contracted through sexual intercourse or other intimate sexual contact. • Most STIs spread during vaginal or anal sex, but other forms of sexual contact, such as oral sex, can also spread disease

  4. Why STI and not STD? • People must first be infected before they can have a sexually transmitted disease • An Infection means that a germ that can cause sickness is present inside a person’s body. An infected person may feel sick. • A disease means that the infection is actually causing the infected person to feel sick, or to notice something is wrong.

  5. In addition, • 15 million cases of STIs cases are reported annually in the United States • Can be transferred from one person to another through sexual contact

  6. STIs in Women • Women are more vulnerable biologically, culturally, socioeconomically • Most are asymptomatic (no symptoms)in women

  7. Bacterial Infections Chlamydia Gonorrhea Viral Infections HIV/AIDS HPV Herpes Simplex Bacterial vs. Viral

  8. HPV Known as “Human Papillomavirus”

  9. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) • 20 million people are currently infected with HPV • Very common amongst sexually active college students

  10. Signs & Symptoms • Most common manifestation of HPV is warts • Includes warts on skin such as plantar warts or in the genital area, known as genital warts

  11. Signs & Symptoms • May be associated with discomfort such as itching, burning, or tenderness in the genital area • Most women with HPV do not have any symptoms at all

  12. Effects on Pregnancy • HPV has no effect on the fetus whatsoever during pregnancy and does not rule out a vaginal delivery • In some, the warts may be so large it can block the birth canal; in this case Cesarean section may be performed

  13. Treatment • No effective treatment • Warts may be treated with agents designed to reduce or remove the warts, including creams, oral medications, or surgery • The infection usually goes away without treatment, but for high risk HPV

  14. Chlamydia Is caused by the Chlamydia Trachomatis bacteria “Silent disease”

  15. Chlamydia • Most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease in U.S. • 2.8 million Americans are infected with Chlamydia each year

  16. Signs and Symptoms • Some women still have no signs or symptoms • Abnormal vaginal discharge or a burning sensation when urinating • Symptoms usually appear within 1 to 3 weeks after exposure

  17. In addition, • Lower abdominal pain, low back pain, nausea, fever, pain during intercourse, or bleeding between menstrual periods

  18. Effects on Pregnancy • Chlamydia can spread to other reproductive organs causingpelvic inflammatory disease (PID) • Can lead to long-term pelvic pain, blocked fallopian tubes, infertility and ectopic pregnancy

  19. Effects on Pregnancy • Evidence that untreated chlamydial infections can lead to premature delivery • Babies born to infected mothers can get chlamydial infections in their eyes and respiratory tracts

  20. Treatment • Your doctor or other health care workers will probably give you a prescription for an antibiotic to treat people with Chlamydia infection

  21. Gonorrhea Scientifically known as the gonococcus, or Neisseria gonorrhoeae

  22. Gonorrhea • 700,000 persons in the U.S. get new gonorrheal infections each year • Half of these infections are reported to CDC

  23. Signs & Symptoms • Most infected women have no symptoms • Include a painful or burning sensation when urinating, increased vaginal discharge, or vaginal bleeding between periods

  24. Signs & Symptoms • Infected women have higher risk of developing serious complications from the infection • A common complication of gonorrhea is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

  25. Effects on Pregnancy • Can also be spread from mother to child during birth • Can cause fertility problems, birth defects, skin problems, arthritis, blood poisoning, and heart and brain infections

  26. Treatment • Several antibiotics can successfully cure gonorrhea • Because of drug-resistance the successful treatment of gonorrhea is becoming more difficult

  27. In addition, • Many people with gonorrhea also have chlamydia, antibiotics for both infections are usually given together • Persons with gonorrhea should be tested for other STDs

  28. Herpes Simplex Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-2), which is related to the viruses that belongs to the same family of viruses that cause chicken pox and shingles

  29. Herpes Simplex 1 & 2 • 45 million people in the United States ages 12 and older have herpes • 1 out of 5 of the total adolescent and adult population, are infected with Herpes Simplex

  30. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) • Type 1 (HSV-1) Cause lesions, cold sores “fever blisters” in the mouth or on the lips • Bumps form on the lips and sometimes in the mouth, tongue, and throat • Blisters crust over and heal within 10-16 days

  31. Herpes Simplex • May include fever, general muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, flu-like symptoms • Increased salivation and sometimes bleeding in the mouth

  32. Herpes Type 2 (HSV-2) • Cause lesions around and on the genital areas • Bumps form on the lips and sometimes in the mouth, tongue, and throat • Blisters crust over and heal within 10-16 days

  33. Effects on Pregnancy • Type 2 Viral shedding from cervix, vagina, vulva plays the primary role in transmitting the disease from mother to infant • About 60% of newborns infected and not treated will die or be severely damaged

  34. Effects on Pregnancy • Newborns develop skin sores; caesarean is performed if sores are present • Herpes keratitus- Ocular herpes

  35. Signs & Symptoms • Include fever, general muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, flu-like symptoms • Increased salivation and sometimes bleeding in the mouth

  36. Signs & Symptoms • Recurrence Period-virus lay dormant • Prodromal Symptoms- tingling at the sites commonly affected by blisters

  37. Treatment • Topical ointment, oral or injectable • Oral and injectable reduces viral shedding and duration severity of initial herpes outbreaks • Injection is used for most severe outbreaks

  38. HIV/AIDS HIV-Human Immunodeficiency Virus AIDS-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

  39. HIV/AIDS • HIV is the virus that causes AIDS • The definition of AIDS relates to CD4+ T-cells Count • Healthy adults usually have CD4+ T-cell counts of 1,000 or more • Aids and some HIV sufferers have less than 200 CD4+ T-cells

  40. Furthermore, • Minority women in U.S are one of the fastest growing populations affected • Ranks among the top three leading causes of death for minority women aged 24-44

  41. Signs & Symptoms • rapid weight loss • dry cough • recurring fever or profuse night sweats • profound and unexplained fatigue • swollen lymph glands diarrhea • white spots or unusual blemishes on the tongue, in the mouth, or in the throat

  42. Signs & Symptoms • pneumonia • red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids • memory loss, depression, and other neurological disorders • Do not assume if you have symptoms!

  43. Effects on Pregnancy • Spontaneous abortion • Stillbirth • Maternal mortality • Newborn mortality • Low birth weight • Preterm delivery • Amnionitis (inflammation)

  44. Effects of Pregnancy • 70% transmission occurs at the time of delivery 30% amount occurs antenatally (before delivery) • A significant contributor to transmission is breastfeeding

  45. Treatment • Antiviral drugs drug’s that boost the immune system have allowed many people with HIV to resist infections, stay healthy, and prolong their lives, but these medications are not a cure

  46. Treatment • There is no vaccine to prevent HIV and AIDS researchers are working on developing one • Doctors do not know of any way to rid the body of HIV

  47. Modes of Transmission • blood • blood products • sexual fluids • People can be infected and NOT look sick or even have AIDS but can still transmit HIV

  48. Other Common STIs/STDs • More than 20 known STIs • It is important to be tested for STIs if you are sexually active • syphilis • trichomonas • Hepatitis B • Hepatitis C

  49. STI Prevention • Abstain from sexual intercourse—vaginal, oral, or anal • Be in a monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner

  50. STI Prevention • For oral sex, use a condom over the penis and use a dental dam, plastic wrap, or cut-open condom to cover the vagina or anus • Dual protection is the use of condoms combined with another contraceptive method

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