BTY100-Lec#3.1

1. BTY100-Lec#3.1 Cell Created By: Dr. Loveleen Kaur

2. Outline • Cell • Types of Cell • Prokaryotic • Eukaryotic • Cell as factories • Introduction to cell structure

4. Few Facts?

7. Understanding body makeup…

8. Are you aware that you started your life as a single cell??? It is interesting to understand how all small machines work together to create an organism.

11. CELL

12. Lets start with Cell We need to first understand how a cell function in order to understand how tissues work, and then how organs function, and then how our body works. It's kind of like.........you can't just start reading a book without first learning how words are put together.

13. Cell • Robert Hooke- Discovered cell • Leeuwenhoek- Observed cell • Cell is the structural and functional unit of life. • Smallest part of the organism that retains characteristics of the entire organism. • The place where the metabolic processes occur that keep the organism alive. • Cells are sacs of fluid surrounded by membranees. Inside the fluid chemicals and organelles float. • Surface area to volume ratio is crucial: leads to cell division Mathematical explanation of how surface area changes with change in volume

14. Discovery of Cells • Robert Hooke (mid-1600s) • Observed bark of oak tree • Saw “row of empty boxes” • Coined the term cell. • Cell refers to the basic structural unit that makes up the all the living things.

15. Anton van Leeuwenhoek : make use of microscope to examine biological specimens. • He gave name “animalcules” to the little animals he saw moving around the pond water.

17. Cell Size

18. Cell Theory • All living things are made of cells • Cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of life • All cells arise from preexisting cells Origin of Cells On the basis of presence of nucleus cells are divided into two groups: • Prokaryotic cells: lack a nuclear envelope • Eukaryotic cells: have a nucleus in which the genetic material is separated from the cytoplasm.

19. Types

20. Things in common • Cell membrane • Cytoplasm • Genetic Material • Energy Currency • Enzymes

21. cell membrane cytoplasm Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x) • All cells share certain characteristics. • All cells are enclosed by a membrane. • All cells are filled with cytoplasm. • All cells have DNA. • All cells have ribosomes.

24. ATTENTION!! Draw this diagram if asked in exam, 3 D structure is not required

25. PROKARYOTES: • First cell type on earth • E.g.: Bacteria • Generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells • Nuclear material is not membrane bound • Genomes are less complex • Do not contain any membrane bound organelles.

26. Features shared by all prokaryotic cells: • All have a plasma membrane. • All have a region called the nucleoid where the DNA is concentrated. • The cytoplasm (the plasma-membrane enclosed region) consists of the nucleoid, ribosomes (non-membranous organelles), and a liquid portion called the cytosol.

27. Specialized features of some prokaryotic cells: • A cell wall just outside the plasma membrane. • Some bacteria have an outermost slimy layer made of polysaccharides and referred to as a capsule. • Some bacteria have flagella, locomotory structures. • Some bacteria have pili, threadlike structures that help bacteria adhere to one another during mating or to other cells for food and protection.

28. Eukaryotic Cells • Are larger than prokaryotic cells. • Nucleus bound by membrane • Animals, plants, fungi have eukaryotic cell type. • Possess many membrane bound compartments called organelles • Compartmentalization is the key to eukaryotic cell function. • Each organelle has a specific role defined by chemical processes.

29. Representative Animal Cell

30. Representative Plant Cell

34. Cells are Micro Factories!!!

35. http://www.biologyexams4u.com/2013/03/cell-analogy-cell-as-factory.html#.U6Np4_ldUd0http://www.biologyexams4u.com/2013/03/cell-analogy-cell-as-factory.html#.U6Np4_ldUd0

39. Next Class: Cell Organelles