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Chapter 59

Chapter 59. Music and Ballet in Nineteenth-Century Russia; Mussorgsky and Tchaikovsky. Lecture Overview. Music in Russia in general Nationalism vs. Europeanism Modest Mussorgsky: life and works “Within Four Walls” from Sunless Ballet: history, art, craft Pyotr Ilych Tchaikovsky:

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Chapter 59

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  1. Chapter 59 Music and Ballet in Nineteenth-Century Russia; Mussorgsky and Tchaikovsky

  2. Lecture Overview • Music in Russia in general • Nationalism vs. Europeanism • Modest Mussorgsky: • life and works • “Within Four Walls” from Sunless • Ballet: history, art, craft • Pyotr Ilych Tchaikovsky: • life and music • The Nutcracker, Act 1, No. 8 • Review

  3. The Life of Modest Mussorgsky (1839–1881) • 1839 born in Karevo south of St. Petersburg (near present day Estonia) • 1852 enters military school in St. Petersburg, no formal musical training • 1857 lessons from Mily Balakirev • 1869 completes first version of opera Boris Godunov • 1874 Boris staged at the Mariinsky Theater in a revised version • 1881 dies in St. Petersburg

  4. Principal Compositions by Modest Mussorgsky • Operas: including • Boris Godunov • The Marriage • Khovanshchina (incomplete) • Orchestra: include Night on Bald Mountain • Piano: works include the suite Pictures at an Exhibition • Songs: include the cycles • The Nursery • Sunless • Songs and Dances of Death

  5. Modest Mussorgsky, “Within Four Walls” from Sunless, 1874 Through-composed form

  6. Life of Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840–1893) • 1840 born in a town in the Ural Mountains in central Russia; grows up in St. Petersburg • 1865 graduates from Conservatory in St. Petersburg • 1866 appointed to faculty at the Conservatory in Moscow • 1870s travels in Europe and lives in various Russian cities • 1885 settles in Moscow • 1892 completes Symphony No. 6 and The Nutcracker • 1893 dies in St. Petersburg from cholera

  7. Principal Compositions by Tchaikovsky • Orchestra: symphonies (6), tone poems, suites; concertos • Operas include • Eugene Onegin • Queen of Spades • Ballets: • Sleeping Beauty • Swan Lake • The Nutcracker • Chamber music: string quartets (3), sextet (Souvenir de Florence) • Songs: about 100 including folk song arrangements • Chorus: cantatas, church music • Piano: character pieces

  8. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, The Nutcracker, 1892, Act 1, scene 8 (At the Christmas Tree) Ternary form

  9. Review Key Terms • Mikhail Glinka • Mariinsky Theater • Mily Balakirev • kuchka (“handful”) • The Five • Boris Godunov • ballet • Marie Taglioni • scenario • choreographer • mime • variations (ballet) • divertissement • Marius Petipa • celesta • suite

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