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JUAN PERON (The Argentine Dictator)

JUAN PERON (The Argentine Dictator). BY: Stephen Reading & Karan Patel. ESSENTIAL QUESTION:. Analyze the methods used by a totalitarian regime to maintain power. NARRATIVE Of Leader. Early Life of Peron. Born in Argentina in 1895 Abandoned by his father during his youth

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JUAN PERON (The Argentine Dictator)

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  1. JUAN PERON (The Argentine Dictator) BY: Stephen Reading & Karan Patel

  2. ESSENTIAL QUESTION: Analyze the methods used by a totalitarian regime to maintain power.

  3. NARRATIVE Of Leader

  4. Early Life of Peron • Born in Argentina in 1895 • Abandoned by his father during his youth • Entered in the military academy at 16 • Was through and through a military man

  5. Peron Forms Ideology • Visited Germany and Italy • Admired their nationalistic ideas and military focus • Preferred Mussolini over Hitler • Became member of group of united officers, which sought to bring the nationalism of Italy and Germany to Argentina

  6. Political Career • Military revolution of group of united officers • In 1945, arrested during military during another coup but freed during the efforts of Eva Duarte and some union leaders. • Married Eva Duarte; gave him political sway with the poor which allowed him to win next presidential election

  7. Political Career • Reformed working and social conditions and allowed women to vote which gave him unmatched political power with the labor unions • Evita dies; economic crises arise from Peron’s reforms • Attempts to maintain power through dictoral measures • These measures angered many people in the labor unions, which led to coups by the military

  8. Exile and later life • Peron exiled after successful coup for 18 years • In his absence, the economic crisis in Argentina became worse and unions lost power • A movement to bring Peron back rose in Argentina; came back in 1973 and won the presidency • Attempted to fix economic problems but made them worse • Died in 1974; his wife took control of the govt. and was taken out by military coup in 1976

  9. Historical Context • Economic Boom Post WWI • Politically run by small oligarchy • Powerful labor movement • Argentina destabilized by WWII • The war split the country politically • Military was key piece to political power, but military became too powerful and took the power themselves • After military did their coups, they took power and became successful factions

  10. Historical Context • Argentina in political trouble for staying neutral • Argentine Presidents came to office either through coup d'états or frauds in elections • After Great Depression, there was a need to overcome the country’s economic vulnerability • Economic independence was strengthened after World War II

  11. The Elimination of Opposition • Peron did not need to oppress the opposition due to his popularity with the people • However, he still purged 70% of university professors and replaced Supreme Court justices to maintain control of media • 1949- Redrafting of the constitution- allowed re-elected Congress to repress opposition

  12. ANALYSIS Of Question

  13. PERON’S RISE TO POWER Long-Term Factors Vs. Short-Term Factors

  14. Long-Term Factors • Problems: • Lack of genuine democracy • Widespread corruption • Middle class voices not heard • Intellectuals felt politically frustrated, since they couldn’t voice their ideas against fraud & nepotism • Working class lacked organization to fight against the system

  15. Short-Term Factors • Problems: • Argentina and World War II • When WWII broke out in 1939, Argentina declared its neutrality in the conflict • USA put pressure on Argentine govt. to break up diplomatic relations with the Axis • Armed forces interfered in political life to prevent this from happening and to continue with their neutral position

  16. Short-Term Factors • Problems: 2. Military Secret Society – The GOU • Juan Peron, founding member, of the GOU • Claimed to end corruption and fraud and restore the Argentine constitution • Believed that Argentina had to develop its national industry and strengthen its defenses • Considered it better to introduce improvements in the living and working conditions of employees

  17. HOW ???????? • Peron’s social and economic policies that benefited Argentineans • Eva Peron’s ability to gain support of women and urban workers • BOTH ALLOWED PERON TO REMAIN IN POWER IN ARGENTINA

  18. Peron Improves Argentina’s Economy • Nationalized central bank, telephones, railroads, and other parts of economy • Peron pays off national debt of Argentina • Five Year Plan – Industrialize the economy • Employment and wage increase • High tax revenue

  19. Peron Improves Argentina’s Economy • Second Five Year Plan – Focus on agriculture (exporting agricultural products to finance industrialization) • IAPI (The Argentine Institution for the Promotion of Trade) – bought products at low prices, but sold exports at high prices • This would fund welfare projects and industrialization

  20. Peronism • Justicialismo – doctrine that unites society • All industries had trade unions • Social security • Free education • Low-income housing • Workers had free medical care, recreation centers, labor unions, 8-hour work days, and ability to make complaints to labor courts

  21. Peronism • Organization of labor vital for success of state in asserting workers’ rights • Higher wages • System of collective bargaining • Greater levels of unionization • Better living conditions for working class and poor • Represented a meaning of citizenship, and it challenged traditional forms of authority

  22. Popularity of Evita, and her appeal to Argentineans • Eva Peron Foundation – welfare projects • Female Peronist Party – Women Suffrage (1947) • Women gain right to vote – gain support from women • Had influence from urban workers, gaining more support for her husband • Charms people

  23. THE END

  24. Works Cited • http://www.columbia.edu/~lnp3/mydocs/state_and_revolution/argentina3.htm • http://learning.londonmet.ac.uk/languages/pwr/peronism.htm • http://ibhistory.wikidot.com/13 • http://schoolworkhelper.net/juan-peron-policies-and-practices/ • http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1950peronism2.html • "Peronism." International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Ed. William A. Darity, Jr. 2nd ed. Vol. 6. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2008. 214-215. Gale World History In Context. Web. 18 Dec. 2012. • http://assets.pearsonglobalschools.com/asset_mgr/current/201219/HistoryASPStatesChapter2.pdf

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