The New Dictator

1. The New Dictator Napoleon

2. Born on the French island of Corsica During revolution moved up the ranks to General led soldiers against the French royalists in 1795 who were attacking the National Convention. Napoleon Bonaparte

4. Napoleon Bonaparte • Overthrew The Directory • Named himself First Consul • 1802 named Consul for Life

5. Napoleon’s Reforms • Regulate Economy – control prices • Encouraged New Industry • Built roads & canals

6. Napoleon Reforms • Made public schools under gov’t control • Napoleonic Code – new laws based on Enlightenment ideas

7. Napoleon Reforms 6. Tax collection was made more fair and orderly so France could rely on a steady supply of money. 7. Dishonest government workers were removed.

8. HERO 1803 to get money for all France debts is considered a hero when he sells off the swampy, unexplored land of the Louisiana Purchase to America. ZERO 1803 when an army he sent to re-conquer Haiti was destroyed he realizes French possessions on the mainland of North America would now be indefensible, and facing imminent war with Britain, he sold them to the United States —the Louisiana Purchase—for less than three cents per acre. Louisiana Purchase

9. 1804 took title Emperor of the French

11. Napoleonic Code • Equality for all citizens • Religious Toleration • Advancement based on merit

12. Expanding French Empire • Major goal is to take over the world and expand French empire through Military Conquests.

13. Expanding French Empire • Is successful at first and begins to slowly gain more land and power for France.

14. Challenges to Napoleon’s Empire Great Britain • only nation to remain outside Napoleon’s European Empire • Napoleon attacked British Economy • Creates Continental System (Blockade of England)

15. Challenges to Napoleon’s Empire Spain • Bro – Joseph is King • Introduced liberal reforms • Many still loyal to old King • Used Guerrilla Warfare on French

16. Challenges to Napoleon’s Empire Spain • Attacks kept French troops in Spain when needed elsewhere

17. Russia Czar Alexander I resigned from Continental System France invaded w/ 600,000 men Challenges to Napoleon’s Empire

18. Challenges to Napoleon’s Empire Russia • “Scorched Earth Policy” • Russians retreated burning everything • Left NO Supplies for French!

19. Challenges to Napoleon’s Empire Russia • French take Moscow in Sept. • Cannot survive the winter (no supplies) • Forced to retreat home • Only 100,000 survived the retreat

21. Napoleon’s Empire at its Largest Dark Blue-French EmpireMedium Blue-Conquered "Rebellious" StatesLight Blue-Allied States

22. Napoleon’s Downfall • Russia, GB, Austria, & Prussia joined forces against France • French Army is defeated. • Napoleon forced to abdicate the thrown. • Exiled to Elba – island in Mediterranean

23. Napoleon’s Downfall • Napoleon Escapes! • Returns & has support of army • New King flees • Napoleon returns to power – for 100 days!

24. Napoleon’s Downfall • European allies join together • Battle of Waterloo – French are defeated

26. Napoleon’s Downfall • Napoleon is exiled to St. Helena – Island in South Atlantic • Stays there until his death in 1821

27. Aftermath of Napoleon • France kept Napoleonic Code & Reforms • People under Napoleon gained rights, education, and suffrage. • Holy Roman Empire disbanded and Europe is built to what it is today. • United States doubles in size because of Napoleon and Louisiana Purchase.

29. Europe's great powers after 1815

30. Any Questions?