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MALAYSIA: FLOODS

MALAYSIA: FLOODS. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA . MALAYSIA: KUALA LUMPUR IS THE FEDERAL CAPITAL. MALAYSIA. Population: 23,522,482 Area: 329,750 km 2 Coastline: 4675 km GDP: $207.8 billion GDP Per Capita: $9,000.

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MALAYSIA: FLOODS

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  1. MALAYSIA: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 

  2. MALAYSIA: KUALA LUMPUR IS THE FEDERAL CAPITAL

  3. MALAYSIA • Population: 23,522,482 • Area: 329,750 km2 • Coastline: 4675 km • GDP: $207.8 billion • GDP Per Capita: $9,000

  4. WESTERN MALAYSIA, WHERE KUALA LAMPUR IS LOCATED, IS AT GREATER RISK FROM NATURAL HAZARDS THAN EASTERN MALAYSIA

  5. KUALA LUMPUR

  6. KUALA LUMPUR AND PUTRAJAVA • Kuala Lumpur is the cultural, financial, and economic center of Malaysia, and also the seat of Malaysia’s Parliament and the official residence of the King. • Putrajava is the location of the executive and judicial branches of the federal government, which were relocated from Kuala Lumpur in 1999.

  7. KUALA LUMPUR • The city covers an area of 243 km2 (94 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 1.6 million in 2010. • Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, was an urban agglomeration of 6.9 million in 2010 and one of the fastest growing metropolitan regions in Malaysia.

  8. Floods and landslides from cyclones are the primary hazards affecting Malaysia. Effects from earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are usually from distant sources.Droughts also occur.

  9. MALAYSIA’S PRIMARY NATURAL HAZARDS • CYCLONES • FLOODS (especially during cyclone season) • LANDSLIDES(TRIGGERED BY TOO MUCH RAIN OR EARTHQUAKE GROUND SHAKING )

  10. CAUSES OF RISK WIND AND WATER PENETRATE BUILDING ENVELOPE UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM FLYING DEBRIS PENETRATES WINDOWS STORM SURGE CYCLONES HEAVY PRECIPITATION IN A SHORT TIME GLOBAL DISASTER LABORATORIES FLASH FLOODING (MUDFLOWS) LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS)

  11. CAUSES OF RISK LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN INUNDATION INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER FLOODS WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS) FLOOD DISASTER LABORATORIES EROSION AND MUDFLOWS CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER

  12. CAUSES OF DAMAGE SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO LATERAL SPREADS LANDSLIDES SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS GLOBAL DISASTER LABORATORIES PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE SHAKING GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE

  13. MALAYSIA: FLOODING IN 2014

  14. MALAYSIA: FLOODING IN 2014

  15. MALAYSIA: FLOODING IN 2014

  16. TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCEIN MALAYSIAA Paradigm Shift From Disaster Proneness Will Improve the Quality of Life in Malaysia

  17. CONTINUATION OF THE STATUS QUO WHEN MALAYSIA IS AT RISK AND DISASTER PRONE - - - Will result in new and more complex HEALTH PROBLEMS WILL result in unnecessary DEATHS AND INJURIES WILL result in longer and more costly RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION

  18. TOWARDS FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK REDUCTION Officials: We have to stop flood disasters from happening again

  19. GOAL: MINIMIZE THE “DOMINO EFECTS” OF THE NEXT DISASTER

  20. PHYSICAL EFFECTS EXPOSURE VULNERABILITY LOCATION ELEMENTS OF RISK RISK

  21. PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF FLOODS INUNDATION, HIGH-VELOCITY FLOW, HIGH-VOLUME DISCHARGE, EROSION, AND SCOUR

  22. DAMAGE FROM INUNCATION EROSION, SCOUR, AND LANDSLIDES LOSS OF FUNCTION ECONOMIC LOSS AN ASSESSMENT INTEGRATES PHYSICAL EFFECTS AND SOCIETAL IMPACTS TO DETERMINE RISK RISK

  23. TYPICAL IMPACTS OF FLOODS DAMAGE TO CONTENTS, LOSS OF FUNCTION OF BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE, RELEASE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, TRANSPORTATION OF DEBRIS, AUTOS, AND HOUSES, ENVIRONMENTAL DEAD ZONES, AND DISEASE VECTORS

  24. VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR FLOODS

  25. EVENT VULNERABILITY FLOOD HAZARDS EXPECTED LOSS EXPOSURE PEOPLE STRUCTURES PROPERTY ENVIRONMENT INFRASTRUCTURE Vulnerability: A Vital Part of Risk Assessment

  26. WHAT INCREASES VULNERABILITY MANKIND’S ACTIONS AND NATURAL EVENTS CAN CHANGE THE VULNERABILITY OF ELEMENTS AT RISK TO FLOODS

  27. An element’s vulnerability (fragility) is the result of a community’s actions or nature’s actions that change some part of the regional water cycle (e.g., precipitation, storage, runoff, transpiration, evaporation).

  28. MANKIND’S CONTRIBUTIONAn element’s vulnerability (fragility) is the result of flaws that enter during the planning, siting, design, and construction of a community’s buildings and infrastructure.

  29. ACTIONS THAT CAN CHANGE KEY PARTS OF THE WATER CYCLE • Urban development or industrial development in areas that were formerly wetlands. • Locating buildings and infrastructure in a river floodplain.

  30. MANKIND’S ACTIONS THAT CHANGE SOME PART OF THE WATER CYCLE • Actions that increase or decrease river gradients (deforestation, dams, etc). • Actions that change the runoff pattern or rate (e.g., the city’s concrete footprint)

  31. NATURE’S ACTIONS THAT CAN CHANGE THE NORMAL WATER CYCLE • A flash flood. • Ice jams/ice dams on the river • Rapid melt of snow and ice • Extreme or prolonged precipitation caused by stalled low-pressure systems.

  32. CAUSES OF RISK LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN INUNDATION INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STRUCTURE & CONTENTS: DAMAGE FROM WATER FLOODS WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS) DISASTER LABORATORIES EROSION AND MUDFLOWS CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER

  33. A RISK ASSESSMENT • A risk assessment involves the probabilistic integration of: • The hazard (e.g., floods) and their potential disaster agents (inundation, erosion, etc) that are directly related to the location of the community and what happens in the regional water cycle.

  34. RISK ASSESSMENT (Continued) • The location of each element of the exposure in relation to the physical demands of the hazard (i.e., inundation, etc.)

  35. RISK ASSESSMENT (Continued) • The exposure (e.g., people, and elements of the community’s built environment), represents the potential loss when the natural hazard occurs.

  36. RISK ASSESSMENT (Continued) • The vulnerability (or fragility) of each element comprising the exposure when subjected to the potential disaster agents.

  37. RISK ASSESSMENT • VULNERABILITY • EXPOSURE • EVENT • COST • BENEFIT FLOODS EXPECTED LOSS POLICY ADOPTION • CONSEQUENCES POLICY ASSESSMENT FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT LEADS TO DISASTER-RISK REDUCTION

  38. REQUIRED INFORMATION • Physical characteristics of the regional drainage system. • Physical characteristics of each river system and its floodplain. • Physical characteristics of the regional water cycle.

  39. REQUIRED INFORMATION • Physical characteristics of catchment basins, reservoirs, and wetlands in the region. • Physical characteristics of dikes, levees, and dams controlling water discharge and flooding in the region.

  40. REQUIRED INFORMATION • The hazardous materials located in the floodplain.

  41. DISASTER-RISK REDUCTION POLICES FOR FLOODS MITIGATION, PREVENTION, PREPAREDNESS, FORECASTS AND WARNING, EVACUATION, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION, AND EDUCATIONAL SURGES

  42. MITIGATION SANDBAGS, ELEVATED BUILDINGS, ETC

  43. PREVENTION DAMS, STORM BARRIERS, LEVEES, SPILLWAYS, CATCHMENT BASINS, RESERVOIRS, WETLANDS, ETC

  44. MALAYSIA’S SECONDARY NATURAL HAZARDS • EARTHQUAKES and VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS (usually from sources outside the country; i.e., Indonesia, not inside)

  45. CAUSES OF DAMAGE INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING SOIL AMPLIFICATION PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND FAILURE) IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN EARTHQUAKES FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF UTILITIES GLOBAL “DISASTER LABORATORIES” LACK OF DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS INATTENTION TO NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

  46. CAUSES OF RISK LATERAL BLAST PYROCLASTIC FLOWS FLYING DEBRIS VOLCANIC ASH VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS LAVA FLOWS DISASTER LABORATORIES LAHARS TOXIC GASES

  47. A PARADIGM SHIFT TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE IN MALAYSIA - - - Will result in fewer and less complex HEALTH PROBLEMS WILL result in fewer DEATHS AND INJURIES WILL result in shorter and less costly RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION

  48. A PARADIGM SHIFT FROM DISASTER PRONENESS TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE ISA THREE STEP PROCESS

  49. TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE IN MALAYSIA • Step 1: Integrate Past Experiences Into Books of Knowledge • Step 2: From Books of Knowledge to Innovative Educational Surges to Build Professional and Technical Capacity • Step 3: From Professional and Technical Capacity to National Disaster Resilience

  50. Step 1: Integrate Past Experiences Into Books of Knowledge NOTE: A book of Knowledge is everything we know or think we know about Malaysia’s risk-causing hazards

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